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FIGHTING BACK: SOUTHERN CONE COUNTRIES 2/22/2010
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Fighting Back: Reform or Revolution? Marx The outlines of an entirely new kind of society are found in the most advanced political movements of the subordinate class in the existing society. Violent revolution The state is an instrument of violence in the control of the ruling class The ruling capitalist class and its proletariat antithesis, and thus the revolution, are urban based Vanguard party an the dictatorship of the proletariat Repressive but limited Mao Communist revolution is possible in rural, peasant-based society The peasantry is the main revolutionary force Led by the proletariat and its vanguard People's War: "political power comes from the barrel of the gun"
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Fighting Back: Reform or Revolution? Che Guevara Popular forces can win a war against the enemy. It is not necessary to wait until all conditions for making revolution exist; the insurrection can create them. In underdeveloped America the countryside is the basic area for armed fighting.
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Fighting Back: Violent or Nonviolent? Hannah Arendt We need to distinguish between violence and power. Power is the ability to act or accomplish something Violence is the ability to force compliance The state as instrument of rule relies on violence only when it lacks power Violence may destroy power but it cannot create it; thus the author of violence pays a high price. This cycle is ultimately unsustainable. The fact that violent revolution is only successful where it has the support of the masses is proof that violence is not the determinant factor. Mahatma Gandhi The success of non-cooperation depends primarily on the absence of violence in its practice Strength comes from united will; the people are stronger than their oppressors It is not possible to detach the object from the means adopted to attain it Man’s dignity requires that strength be used for a higher purpose
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The Revolutionary Coordinating Junta (JCR) Formed in 1973 in emulation of Che Guevara “[Latin Americans should] form something like Juntas de Coordinación to make the repressive work of Yankee imperialism more difficult and to facilitate their own cause.” Comprised of: People’s Revolutionary Army (ERP), Argentina National Liberation Army (ELN), Bolivia Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Chile Tupamaros, Uruguay
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Guerrilla Movements: Argentina Montoneros Linked to Juan Perón; ideological mix of socialism and facism young, urban, nationalistic committed to guerrilla warfare: kidnapping, bombings, targeted assassinations, military strikes People’s Revolutionary Army (ERP) Socialist ideology Strikes on military outposts and convoys, and police stations Associated with the Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT)
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Guerrilla Movements: Chile Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR) Marxist-Leninist, dictatorship of the proletariat Bases of support in the unions and shantytowns Attempts to convert military officers and to destroy the coup from within Targeted assassination of military leaders Bombings Bank and supermarket robberies to raise funds
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Guerrilla Movements: Uruguay Tupamaros Non-ideological: a mix of Marxism, Maoism, and Cuban theory Committed to armed struggle Viewed Uruguay as a largely urban country requiring an urban strategy Felt that the revolutionary conditions in Uruguay were particularly well developed 3,000 Tupamaros served time in prison; 300 died, in battles or in prison, or disappeared. About 50 members of the security forces died in the war
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