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Health Education on Heart Diseases Oromo community,Washington,DC May 9,2015 Teshome Geleta Deksissa, M.D.
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Heart = Cardiac = Vital. Heart = Pump Blood Vessels = pipes/ tubes
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Main function of cardiovascular system ( Heart+ Blood vessels) is transport. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the entire body. Removes waste products ( carries to the kidneys, lungs, skin,etc.).
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Risk factorCardiovascular deaths 1. High blood pressure13 % 2. Tobacco9 % 3. Diabetes6 % 4. Lack of exercise6 % 5. Obesity5 %
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Epidemiology of Heart/ blood vessel diseases: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globaly,except in Africa. 30% all deaths. Rates increasing in developing countries, declining in most of the developed world. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults.
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11% of people between 20 and 40 years old. 37 % of people B/N 40 and 60. 71 % of people B/N 60and 80. Disease onset is typically 7 to 10 years earlier in men as compared to women ( estrogen is protective).
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Types of cardiovascular diseases Coronary artery disease : stiff, narrow, blocked with clots.( heart attack). Hypertensive heart disease… causes heart failure…increased work. Valvular heart diseases… Malfunctioning doors…leaks( not closing well) or not opening well. Electrical system disorder… EKG ( example: irregular beat, fast/ slow beat). Cerebrovascular disease ( neck and brain arteries….stroke). Peripheral arterial disease… amputation ( diabetes, cigarettes smoking…damage to the wall of the vessels. Congenital heart diseases… Mostly in children, some in adults. Rheumatic heart disease…secondary to throat infection( importance of treating tonsillitis with antibiotics).
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Risk factors Age… Old age: chronic injuries to the blood vessels, calcium deposition…stiff and narrow. The risk doubles every decade after age 55. Family history of heart disease. Sex : Men are at greater risk than pre-menopausal women. Tobacco : Cigarettes are the most form of smoked tobacco. 10% of CV disease is attributed to smoking. Physical inactivity: Less than 5days x 30 minutes. Physical activity assists wt loss, improve blood glucose level( increases insulin sensitivity), blood pressure, cholesterol control. It is cheap, available and has no side effects. Diet: High saturated (animal) fat, low plant fat(oil), high sugar,, low whole grain, low fiber( fruit and vegetable).
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Alcohol in moderation: 1drink ( woman), 2 drinks( man) per day. 1 drink= 12(355cc) ounces of beer, 5( 148 cc) ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces ( 44cc) liquor. WEIGT: BMI: 19-24 ….Normal BMI: 25-30….Overweight BMI: > 30…..Obese Obesity is attributed to 5% of CV deaths. BMI= weight in Kgs/ height in meter squared.
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Symptoms of heart attack: chest pain, unexplained sweating, shortness of breath, vomiting, jaw/neck/shoulder pain, racing heart. No pain in diabetics, women or older people. PREVENTION: diet: low-fat, low salt, low-sugar. Tobacco cessation Control blood pressure. Control blood sugar. Decrease body weight and maintain the right weight consistently. Decrease psychological stress. Increase daily activity.
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Limit alcohol consumption. Regular check up: screening : EKG, blood test( sugar, cholesterol), BP measurement. Take the necessary medications as prescribed by the physician. Sudden onset of chest pain/ shortness of breath … 911 Thank you! Questions ?
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