1. Nervous and Endocrine Systems Review

2. What is the function of the nervous system?
Regulation
To regulate (control) all body processes.

3. 1. A muscle or gland which responds to a message carried to it by motor neurons is called a(n) _______.
2. A change in the surroundings or the environment that triggers a nerve impulse is called a(n) _____.
3. The electrochemical message that travels through the nervous system is known as the _________.
4. A change in the external environment that initiates (starts) an impulse is called a _______.
5. Nerve cells are called __________.
effector
stimulus
impulse
impulse
neurons

4. Neuron Structure
Most axons are covered with ___________ which aids impulse  transmission by improving electrical insulation.
___________ receive the impulse from the previous neuron.
The longest part of a neuron is the ______.
The ____________ contains the nucleus and other cell organelles.
The part of the neuron that produces and releases neurotransmitters are the ____________.
Neurotransmitters attach to __________ on the next neuron.
myelin
Dendrites
axon
cell body
terminal branches
receptors

5. How does an impulse travel from one neuron to the next?
Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse.

6. A structure that detects stimuli is a a) effector 
b) synapse     
c) receptor       
d) muscle

7. Synapses are located directly between 
(1.) dendrites and axons 
(2.) cytons and axons 
(3.) terminal branches and dendrites 
(4.) axons and terminal branches

8. Central Nervous System
What does this picture represent?
Central Nervous System

9. Sensory neurons transmit impulses from the _________ to the ________________.
2. Interneurons carry impulses from the _____________ to ____________.
3. Motor neurons carry impulses from the __________ to ___________.
receptors
spinal cord (CNS)
sensory neurons
motor neurons
spinal cord
effectors

10. from the central nervous system to a muscle a gland
Sensory neurons transmit messages
from the central nervous system to a muscle a gland
b) from the brain to the spinal cord
c) from the environment to the spinal cord or brain
d) within the brain
e) All of the above are true.

11. In a simple spinal reflex, the pathway for an impulse is along a sensory neuron directly to a motor neuron through 
(1.) a receptor 
(2.) an interneuron 
(3.) an effector 
(4.) the brain

12. What structures make up your central nervous system?
Brain and Spinal Cord

13. Neurons that carry messages toward the CNS (brain and spinal cord) are called
sensory neurons

14. cerebrum medulla cerebellum cerebrum medulla
Identify the part of the brain being describe.
What structure controls reasoning, memory, emotions, and habits?
What controls involuntary actions?
What controls and coordinates voluntary actions and balance?
Loss of memory as a result of an accident would indicate damage to which part?
What controls activities such as breathing and heart rate?
cerebrum
medulla
cerebellum
cerebrum
medulla

15. cerebrum cerebellum medulla spinal cord
Identify the parts of the brain labeled in the diagram.
cerebrum
cerebellum
medulla
spinal cord

16. Why are reflexes much faster than a normal response?
The impulse only travels to the spinal cord, not the brain.

17. motor neuron B
Receptor
interneuron A
sensory neuron

18. According to this diagram, a gland secretes a chemical
According to this diagram, a gland secretes a chemical. What is the name of this chemical?
2. The organs and tissues that the chemical is transported to by the blood is made up of what kind of cells?
3. What do hormones attach to on these cells?
Hormone
Target cells
Receptors

19. An important method of communication between cells is shown in the diagram.  What is the chemical referred to in the diagram?
a hormone important in maintaining homeostasis
an enzyme detected by a cell membrane receptor
DNA necessary for regulating cell functions
a food molecule taken in by an organism

20. Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals?
starches and simple sugars
subunits of DNA
vitamins and minerals
receptor molecules

21. Cell C has receptors that fit perfectly with the hormone.
1. What does structure B represent?
2. Explain why cell C is the target cell.
receptors
Cell C has receptors that fit perfectly with the hormone.

22. Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals?
starches and simple sugars
subunits of DNA
vitamins and minerals
receptor molecules

23. If a human system fails to function properly, what is the most likely result?
a stable rate of metabolism
a disturbance in homeostasis
a change in the method of cellular respiration
a change in the function of DNA

24. Pituitary gland Parathyroid gland Thyroid gland Adrenal glands
Identify all glands labeled in the diagtam.
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries

25. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
A hormone that increases the rate and strength of heart contractions during times of sudden stress is secreted by  which structure? What is the name of this hormone?
2a.Hormones that regulate the ovaries are secreted by  which structure?
2b.What are the name of these hormones?
Adrenal glands
Adrenaline
Pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

26. Thyroxine Thyroid Parathyroid glands Pancreas Insulin Glucagon
What is the name of the iodine-containing hormone that aids in the regulation of metabolic rate? What structure secretes this hormone?
4. What structure regulates calcium metabolism?
5. Which structure regulates blood glucose levels? What is the name of those hormones?
Thyroxine
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon

27. 2. What part of the brain controls the pituitary gland?
1. What HORMONE causes blood sugar level to decrease? What GLAND produces this hormone?
2. What part of the brain controls the pituitary gland?
3. What hormones produced by the ovaries stimulate the production of female secondary sex characteristics?
Insulin
Pancreas
Hypothalamus
Estrogen

28. It regulates other glands in the body.
What is the name of the thyroid HORMONE which controls body metabolism?
Which HORMONE helps to stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in the male?
3. Why is the pituitary glands called the “master gland?”
Thyroxine
Testosterone
It regulates other glands in the body.

29. Increased perspiration, a higher body temperature, and a rapidly beating heart are all possible responses to a stressful situation. These body responses are most likely a direct result of the interaction of the
digestive and endocrine systems
digestive and respiratory systems
nervous and endocrine systems
nervous and reproductive systems

30. Which graph of blood sugar level over a 12-hour period best illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

31. Which statement describes a feedback mechanism involving the human pancreas?
The production of estrogen stimulates the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction.
The level of oxygen in the blood is related to heart rate.
The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the amount of insulin in the blood.
The production of urine allows for excretion of cell waste.

32. Hormones and secretions of the nervous system are chemical messengers that
store genetic information
carry out the circulation of materials
extract energy from nutrients
control and coordinate system interactions

33. 1. This diagram best illustrates a. recombination b. feedback
c. insertion d. deletion
2. What is the function of this process?
Maintain homeostasis.
Regulate hormone levels in the blood.