1. Constitutional Disputes in the Age of Jackson

2. Quick Review… 1800-1808 Thomas Jefferson… 1808-1816 James Madison…
Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, Embargo of 1807
James Madison…
War Hawks, War of 1812, “Mr. Madison’s War”
James Monroe…
Era of Good Feelings, Nationalism

3. Is this a positive or negative depiction of Jackson? How can you tell?
S – Summarize (What do you see?)
C – Contextualize (When is this being made?)
I – Infer (Message?)
M – Monitor (What does it lead us to question?)
Is this a positive or negative depiction of Jackson? How can you tell?

4. The Election of 1824 All candidates were Democrat-Republicans
None won a majority
John Quincy Adams (MA)
Andrew Jackson (TN)
Henry Clay (KY)
William Crawford (GA)

5. Electoral Breakdown

6. The “Corrupt Bargain” The House of Representatives had to vote
Adams and Clay team up
Adams (President)
Clay (Secretary of State
Jackson claims a “corrupt bargain”
Jackson had won the popular vote
Clay become the “Judas of the West”
The people felt overruled

7. Election of 1828 The Democrat-Republican party splits
Democrat Party nominates Andrew Jackson
National Republican Party nominates Adams
Adams’ VP, John C. Calhoun (SC) flips sides to run with Jackson

8. John Quincy Adams & the Election of 1824
Election of The “Corrupt Bargain” Jackson’s defeat
Martin Van Buren Election of 1828
Four-way race, no majority (Jackson has the most popular and electoral votes)
Henry Clay gives his support to Adams; Adams wins, makes Clay Sect. of State (Jackson = “corrupt bargain”)
After losing, Jackson hires Van Buren to run his campaign
Jackson = down-to-earth, a common man; Adams = elitist wins Election of 1828 “Jacksonian Democracy”

9. Jackson’s Victory

12. “Jacksonian Democracy”
“Old Hickory”
“Log Cabin Candidate”
Appealed to the Common Man
White Manhood Suffrage
“Westerner”
Elites thought a savage had been unleashed on the White House

14. First Known Portrait of Jackson

15. “The Spoils System”
“King Andrew” – appointed friends and loyal advisers to political positions

16. Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Issue or Conflict
Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue
Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution
Spoils System
(what is it?)
Awarding political jobs to supporters
Jackson supports the spoils system
Jackson was the first president to use the spoils system (Election of 1828)
Leads to corruption; people getting jobs are not necessarily qualified

17. Jackson’s Native American Policy
Indian Removal Act of 1830 – offered Native Americans land west of Mississippi (Indian Reserves) protected by the USA
Affected the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Chocktaw Indians

18. The Cherokee Nation

19. Cherokee Assimilation

20. Cherokee Alphabet (Sequoyah)

21. Worchester vs. Georgia (1832)
Cherokee take their case before the Supreme Court
John Marshall (Chief Justice)
Court ruled that the Cherokee could stay on their land
Jackson ignored the order, forced removal

22. “…John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

23. Indian Removal

24. Map of the Trail of Tears

25. 4,000 out of 15,000 die during the journey
Trail of Tears
4,000 out of 15,000 die during the journey

26. Issue or Conflict
Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue
Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution
Worcester v. Georgia
(what is it?)
Supreme Court ruled that taking the land from the Indians was illegal
Jackson IGNORES the ruling
Wants to remove the Indians from the land and give it to American settlers
Indian Removal Act Indians will be forced to move off of the land
Trail of Tears
16,000 Cherokee travel along this
route
4,000 die before reaching their destination
Video:
Discussion:
If you were a member of Congress in 1830, would you have voted in favor of passing the Indian Removal Act? Why or why not?

27. Indian Removal Timeline & Primary Source from the Cherokee
Review the Timeline as a class & Highlight or underline key events
Answer the questions
Cherokee Primary Source
Questions

28. Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Issue or Conflict
Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue
Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution
Second Bank of the U.S.
(what is it?)
Whig Party supports a national bank; they believe it will promote economic growth
Jackson believes the national bank is corrupt & and will only benefit the wealthy
Jackson vetoes every bill for a national bank
Wins re-election in 1832, Jackson moves federal money into state banks (“pet banks”)
Panic of 1837 (Van Buren was President)
Greatly hurt the US economy

29. Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Issue or Conflict
Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue
Jackson’s Solution to the Issue
Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution
Nullification Crisis
(what is it?)
John C. Calhoun & the South want to nullify (void) high tariffs b/c they threatened the southern economy
Jackson did NOT support nullification SC refused to pay the tariff & threatened to leave the Union
The Force Bill (1833) gives Jackson power to send troops to SC if they refuse to pay the tax
Henry Clay helped
build a compromise;
Congress lowered the tariff & the crisis is postponed
Nullification = belief that states can void a federal law
“Tariff of Abominations”

30. Jackson as President 1832 – Easily wins a second term
Jackson founds the Democrat Party
Extends Presidential Power (uses veto power more than all other previous presidents combined – 12 times)

32. Opposition to Jackson The Whig Party Formed to oppose Jackson’s power
Desired an end to “King Andrew’s” policies

33. DISCUSSION ACTIVITY 5 JUDGES
The Treasury Department is in the process of deciding whether or not to remove President Andrew Jackson from the Twenty Dollar bill and replace him with someone else. They are seeking the help of expert historians to determine whether Jackson deserves to stay on the bill or whether he should be removed. Why or why not does Jackson deserve this honor?
Left Side –
In Support of Jackson on the bill
Right Side – Against Jackson on the bill
5 JUDGES

34. Support your argument
Have at least 3 reasons/factors backing up your argument!
How do you really feel? Should Jackson stay on the $20 bill?

35. Politics After President Jackson
Election of 1836
President Martin Van Buren
Panic of Election of 1840 (“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”)
Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s Vice President) wins Election of 1836
Economy goes into a full-scale depression
William Henry Harrison (Whig) runs for President with John Tyler

36. Politics After President Jackson
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
William Henry Harrison
Shortest Presidency
President John Tyler
Harrison defeats Van Buren in Election of 1840
Three weeks after his inaugural address, Harrison dies from pneumonia
John Tyler takes over, but rejects all of the policies of the Whig Party (vetoed national bank)