1. The Pledge of Allegiance
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2. The Pledge of Allegiance was written by socialist minister Francis Bellamy in 1892.
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3. Bellamy’s original pledge read….
"I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."
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4. In 1923, the words “of the United States of America” were added, making the pledge…
"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."
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5. To respond to the Communist threats of the Cold War, President Eisenhower added the words “under God” to the pledge
"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."
This differentiated the largely Christian nation from the areligious communist states.
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6. The Flag Code
When reciting the Pledge of Allegiance, the Flag Code states…
Stand at attention
Face the flag
Place your right hand over your heart
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7. The Military Salute Persons in military uniform Remain silent
Face the flag
Military Salute

8. Did you know?
When saying the words “to the flag”, students used to raise and point their hand, gesturing to the flag hung in their classroom. During WWII, this practice was ended, as it too strongly resembled the Nazi salute.