1. IMPORTANT STUFF TAKE NOTES!!!!!
Short Story Unit
IMPORTANT STUFF TAKE NOTES!!!!!

2. Elements of Literature
Important info we will use in EVERY SINGLE UNIT

3. Element Of Lit cont… Plot: What happens in a story.
Character: People in the story.
Round: Main character, only one round character in a short story.
Flat: Gives info about the round character.
Setting: When and where the story takes place.

4. Element of Lit cont… Point of View (P.O.V.): who is telling the story.
1st person: character in the story that is telling the story, not a reliable source.
3rd person limited: objective narrator who is not part of the story, does not know everything about the character or story.

5. Elements of Lit Cont…
3rd person omniscient: Objective narrator who knows everything about the characters and story.
Style: How the story is written.

6. Elements of Lit Cont…
Symbol: Something that represents a larger concept of idea.
Ex: Flag=American values, pride, ideals
The Journey=the life we lead

7. Elements of Lit Cont…
Theme: The/meaning=The message or big idea the author is trying to get across.
Ex: The journey of life is difficult and includes many painful lessons.

8. “The Cask of Amontillado” By Edgar Allen Poe

9. Edgar Allen Poe Had a terrible life: Dad abandoned Family
Mom died of TB
Adopted mom died of TB
Wife died of TB
His writing was not appreciated while he was alive
He received $15 for “The Raven”

10. Poe continued… Maligned (character destroyed) after he died
He was an AMAZING writer:
Wrote “The Raven” and other fabulous poems
Invented the detective story.
Created the modern concept of a short story
His work is still relevant today.

11. POV
We hear the story from the murderer—Poe loves to do this—he wants us to see that we have more in common with a murderer than we may think.

12. Setting Italian Carnival Mid 1800’s:
It is the big party before Lent begins
LOTS of drinking goes on
LOTS of people in the streets
People are disguised
Perfect cover for committing murder

13. Irony in the story
Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows more than the characters:
The cough
Montressor keeps telling him to go back
The family crest
Montressor’s seemingly caring attitude

14. Irony continued… Situational Irony When the unexpected happens
Jester costume
Happening during carnival

15. Verbal Irony Verbal Irony: A Play on Words Fortunado’s name
The use of the word “mason”

16. Characters
Round Character: Montressor-getting revenge because Fortunado insulted him
How was he insulted?
Revenge is very well planned
He enjoys messing with Fortunado before killing him.
Did he feel remorse?

17. Characters continued…
Flat Character:
Fortunado
Drunk
Somehow insulted Montressor
Wearing a jester’s costume
Thinks he is a wine aficionado (expert)
Not very smart

18. Symbols Family crest: Illustrates Montressor’s violence
Amontillado: Fortunado’s foolishness/downfall
Basement/celler: What is beneath the surface of people—dark, scary part of us

19. Theme
In his short story “The Cask of Amontillado”, Edgar Allen Poe illustrates that:
All of us have dark side and we must control it or it will destroy us
Do not allow yourself to lose your self-control

20. “The Most Dangerous Game”

21. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont..
Darwinism:
The belief that species evolve to survive in their enviroment.
Only the strong survive

22. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont…
Characters:
Sanger Rainsford: Famous hunter, smart, strong, round character.
Flat Characters:
General Zaroff: hunter, Russian, hunts humans.
Ivan: General’s servant.

23. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont…
Setting: Isolated tropical Island.
POV: Third person limited: reader is only in Rainsford’s head
Foreshadowing: Giving clues to what is going to happen next. The sailors warning, etc…

24. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont…
Plot Development:
Conflict:
Internal: A conflict within a person-should I steal the money on Mrs. Dixon’s desk or not?
External: A conflict between a person and another person, animal or nature.

25. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont…
Plot Development:
Exposition: Background info
Complication: What problem does the character have overcome.
Climax: The moment when everything comes to a head.
Resolution: How is everything brought to close.

26. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont…
Symbols:
The Island: An enviroment one must adapt to
The hunt: Nature’s unrelenting (nonstop) pursuit of man.

27. “The Most Dangerous Game” Cont…
Theme: In his short story “The Most Dangerous Game”, Richard Connell illustrates that only the strong can survive in this cold world.

28. “Poison”
By: Roald Dahl

29. “Poison” cont…

30. “Poison” cont… Setting: - Colonial India - Midnight - WWII
-1930s-1940s
P.O.V. - 1st person: Timber Woods is telling the story

31. “Poison” cont… Characters: Timber Woods: -Narrator -British
-Round Character
Harry Pope:
-Racist
-Rude
Dr. Ganderbai:
-Indian
- Kind to help Harry in the middle of the night

32. “Poison” cont… Symbols: Snake: represents racism inside Harry (evil).
Mother of Pearl: represents Harry on the outside (nice).
The Poison: The hurtfulness of racism

33. “Poison” cont…
, In his short story “Poison,” Roald Dahl indicates that judging a person by his appearance can be dangerous.
…illustrates that racism is extremely hurtful.

34. “Marigolds”
By: Eugenia Collier

35. “Marigolds” cont… Setting: -Great Depression -Maryland Characters:
- Lizabeth (round)
-Flat: Joey (Lizabeth’s brother), John Burke (Miss Lottie’s Son), Miss Lottie (Marigold owner), the kids in the neighborhood, and mom and dad.

36. “Marigolds” cont… P.O.V.- 1st person, Lizabeth.
Flashback- looking back, telling story from the past.
Symbol: Marigolds represent beauty, hope & joy.
-Dust, the color yellow and the color gray represent poverty and sadness.

37. “Marigolds” cont…
Theme: In the story “Marigolds,” Eugenia Collier suggests in order to achieve happiness one needs to work for it.
- … in order to survive in a difficult world, one must plant hope.

38. Thank You Ma’am
By. Langston Hughes

39. “Thank You M’am” cont…
Harlem Renaissance: 1920’s, explosion of high quality African American art
Setting: Inner City—it could be any city. Why?
Characters: Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones(round)
Roger(flat)

40. “Thank You Ma’am” Cont…
Symbols
The Purse: Mrs. LBWJ’s life
The $10: Mrs. LBWJ’s generosity
The Blue Suede Shoes: Roger’s desire to fit in.
The dinner: Mrs. LBJW’s poverty

41. “Thank You Ma’am” cont…
Theme: in the Short Story. “Thank You Ma’am,” Langston Hughes demonstrates generosity can come from the most surprising places

42. The Gift of the Magi By: O. Henry

43. “Gift of the Magi” cont…
Nom-de-plume=pen name= name author uses only when writing
Irony: when the unexpected happens

44. “Gift of the Magi” cont…
Magi: wise men who traveled long to bring gifts to Christ
Setting: New York, Early 1900’s, Day before Christmas, Flat
Characters: Della(round), Jim(flat)

45. “Gift of the Magi” cont…
Symbols: Watch, combs, hair & chain all represent their love and sacrifices
Theme: In the short story “Gift of The Magi.” O, Henry demonstrates in order to truly give, one must make sacrifices

47. Scarlet Ibis
By: James Hurst

48. “The Scarlet Ibis” cont…
Setting: 1918, swamps of Louisiana, American Southeast

49. “The Scarlet Ibis” cont…
Mood: feeling of story
This story has a sad feeling from the very start.

50. “The Scarlet Ibis” cont…
P.O.V. 1st person.
Flashback
Foreshadowing:
Fall
Name that is only made for a tombstone
Coffin
Death of the ibis

51. “The Scarlet Ibis” Cont…
Characters:
Brother/narrator -Round
Doodle, Mother, Daddy, Aunt Nicey-Flat

52. “The Scarlet Ibis” cont…
Symbols
The Ibis: Doodle-fragile, pushed too far
Fall-Death
Hurricane-The danger of messing with nature
Go Cart-Doodle’s limitations
Fall-death
Go Cart, colds, and nightmares-Doodle’s Fragility

53. “The Scarlet Ibis” cont…
Theme: In his story “The Scarelt Ibis” James Hurst illustrates that it is dangerous to push people past their limits.
…that too much pride can be dangerous.

54. The End!