1. Christianity

2. Objectives  explore how change affects different classes within a culture;  research the effect of Jesus and his teachings on different classes of people who were living during his time; and  apply the findings about the relationship between social class and the acceptance of change to social events that have taken place in recent history.

3. Discussion  During Jesus’ life, was it a calm or a tumultuous time period?  What was the status of Judaism?  Were those following Judaism united, or did many different religious factions exist?

4. Videos  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kx_Gq IIkKOY&index=5&list=PLRV9_oeU3Mv So04rhlfOo5wuZUPcXntK8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kx_Gq IIkKOY&index=5&list=PLRV9_oeU3Mv So04rhlfOo5wuZUPcXntK8  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 1tmTP5Jfb8&index=6&list=PLRV9_oeU3 MvSo04rhlfOo5wuZUPcXntK8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 1tmTP5Jfb8&index=6&list=PLRV9_oeU3 MvSo04rhlfOo5wuZUPcXntK8  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFxfv XKN- nQ&index=9&list=PLRV9_oeU3MvSo04r hlfOo5wuZUPcXntK8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFxfv XKN- nQ&index=9&list=PLRV9_oeU3MvSo04r hlfOo5wuZUPcXntK8

5. List of social classes – temple priests – money changers – merchants and artisans – shepherds and farmers – the outcasts

6. Activity You will be assigned a social class to research a group. Research and answer the following questions. – Do you think that this social class would have been interested in social change? Why or why not? – Would this social class have supported the teachings of Jesus? – How do you think the teachings of Jesus affected this social class? Do you think they had a positive or negative impact?

7. Activity  PREPARE TO PRESENT!

8. Discussion Review  Are there any trends observed?  Which groups were more interested in social change?  Which groups were less interested?  Which groups had the most to gain by supporting Jesus?

9. Relevance  Connect Christianity with recent social justice movements. (i.e. Civil Rights movement, Feminism etc.)  Which social groups supported these changes?  What are the similarities between those people who supported Jesus and those who supported more recent social movements?

10. Assignment  Write a 1 paragraph response connecting Christianity to social justice.  How are these two subjects related? What was the ultimate goal of Christianity and how does this connect to social justice movements?

11. What is Christianity?  A diverse, 2000 year old religion  Followed by almost 1/3 of the world ’ s population – 2.1 billion  Based on the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus – Believed to be the Christ (messiah, savior) by his followers (thus called “ Christians ” )

12. Major Divisions  Roman Catholic – 1.1 billion  Eastern Orthodox – 217 million  Protestant – 365 million  Anglican – 80 million

13. The Historical Jesus  Born, lived, and died a Jew in the first century in Roman occupied Palestine – Nazareth  Knowledge of Him based on New Testament – Little is known of childhood  Baptized at age 30 by John ( “ the Baptist ” ) – Blessed by Holy Spirit as He came out of water – “ thou art my beloved Son, with thee I am well pleased. ” (Mark 1:11)

15. Jesus ’ History, continued  Then began a mission of preaching, teaching, and healing as an itinerant teacher  Had a following of 12 primary disciples – Countless multitudes attracted by his miracles and words of wisdom

16. Jesus ’ Death  Jesus claimed that he spoke with the authority of God  Betrayed by disciple Judas  Put on trial for being a revolutionary & a political threat to Roman and Jewish authorities  Roman governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate – condemned and put to death by means of crucifixion  The following Sunday, He appeared to his followers as a triumph over death – Later ascended into Heaven

17. Jesus ’ Teachings  Focused on the kingdom of God – Standards of human conduct – Merciful God—how people should treat each other  Golden Rule – Personal God -- “ Our Father ”  Used stories and parables to teach  Known as miracle worker and faith healer  Religious and social reformer – Accepted a variety of people – Go above and beyond the letter of the law  Preached forgiveness of sin over punishment for sin – Turn the other cheek

18. History of Christianity  Jesus ’ work was continued after resurrection by St. Paul and St. Peter – Established churches throughout Europe  Church remained small and persecuted – Roman Emperors Nero, Domitian, Diocletian  Constantine promoted Christianity – Became official religion of Rome  Great Schism, 1054 – Split western (Roman Catholic church) and eastern (Orthodox church)

19. What does it mean to be a founding father?  List some qualities/characteristics.

20. List some founding fathers or icons!  Can be any religious, political, or ethnic leader!

21. Activity  Working in small groups, choose three or four of the names for further discussion (preferably one or two from each different category): – Compile a list of characteristics or accomplishments associated with each person. Notice any similarities or differences?

22. Activity  Does it make a difference that some are considered religious leaders and others are national or ethnic symbols? Why? Why do some seem to fit in both categories?  Be prepared to present!

23. Present

24. Discuss Were these people as well-known in their own time as they are now? What did others think of them during their own lifetime? How and why do their stories get told? Why do the stories about these people differ?

25. Response  Which is more important-what the person really did or what he/she represents to later generations?  How does this help us think about what an important figure symbolizes to an individual or group?

26. The Great Schism  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IARag ygaQhg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IARag ygaQhg

28. Catholicism  Pope is supreme spiritual leader and Vatican head of state – Vatican City is an independent country surrounded by Rome – St. Peter ’ s Basilica, St. Peter ’ s Square  First pope was Leo I (officially), or St. Peter

30. Orthodoxy  Literally means “ right teaching or right worship ” – Derived from two Greek words: orthos (right) and doxa (teaching or worship)  Followers believe that there were false teachings and divisions in early Christian times – Threatened the identity and purity of the Church – Followers believe the Orthodox Church carefully guards the truth against all error and schism  Believe in saint worship, Eucharist, confession of sins, baptism

31. St. Basil Cathedral, Moscow

32. Protestantism  Movement from 16 th century “ Reformation ” – To reform the (Catholic) church Corruption, leadership, authority, etc. – Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Knox – Brought to America in various forms  Usually recognize only 2 sacraments of baptism and communion – 7 in Catholicism – No saints, no rosary, no pope, etc.

33. Anglican  Began in 6 th century England – Followed Luther ’ s protest  King Henry VIII spent most of his reign challenging the authority of Rome – Divorce was just one issue  Spread by English colonization and missionaries  Do not follow Pope ’ s authority – Led by bishops – Now ordain women priests  Book of Common Prayer  Often called Episcopal

35. Art in Church  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je6NA P0M-PM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je6NA P0M-PM

36. Activity-Part 1  Working in groups of 4 or 5, create a poster about a cathedral from the Middle Ages.  List the following information about your assigned cathedral: location, length of time it took to build, year it was started and year it was finished, and any other interesting facts about that cathedral.

37. Activity  Additionally, answer the question: What is the significance of the cathedrals in the Middle Ages society?

38. List of Cathedrals  a. Chartres b. Notre Dame c. Reims d. Laon e. St. Chapelle

39. Activity -Part 2  Design a stained glass window. – 1 PER GROUP!  Your window design should incorporate elements learned from and mini-research and should be either a Christian symbol or a Christian narrative.

40. Protestant Groups  Lutheran  Church of England, Anglican, Episcopal  Presbyterian, Congregational  Baptist  Methodist  Latter Day Saints (Mormons)  Pentecostal  Shaker  Mennonite  Amish  Quaker  Separatists  Brethren (Puritan)  Christian Scientist  Jehovah ’ s Witness  Seventh Day Adventist  Unification Church

41. Scripture  Old Testament (the Hebrew Bible)  New Testament (written after Jesus ’ death, by his followers, during the first century; not canonized until the 4 th century) – Four gospels ( “ good words ” ) about the birth, life, teaching, acts, death, and resurrection of Jesus. Written by Mark, Matthew, Luke & John – The Book of Acts of the apostles – earliest history of the developing church – Epistles ( “ letters ” ) of Paul addressed to the churches they founded and led throughout the Mediterranean – The Book of Revelation – of John - a vision of the end of time, or the Apocalypse.

42. Beliefs and Customs  Baptism: outward sign of commitment to Jesus  Eucharist (communion): symbolic meal of Jesus ’ last meal with disciples; taken in thanks and celebration  Trinity: belief in God as the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; not 3 different gods  Saints: celebrated people who led good lives, often associated with miracles

43. Other Beliefs  Original sin: all humanity is inherently separated from God  The sacrifice of Jesus – a sinless representative of humanity (a “ scapegoat ” ) - as the ultimate atonement for the sins of humanity  Heaven and Hell: – Eternal life for those who are “ saved by the blood of the lamb (Jesus) ” – Eternal damnation for those who are not so saved

44. Problem for Humans  Damnation – New covenant based on Christ needed to atone for Adam ’ s sins – Efforts and good deeds alone cannot save you; you must have faith in Christ

45. Christian Holy Days Two major seasons in the Christian calendar:  Christmas – celebrating the birth of Jesus  Easter – commemorating the resurrection of Christ  Christmas: – Advent (four weeks leading up to Christmas day) – Christmas Day (December 25 th ) – Epiphany (the “ twelfth day of Christmas ” )

46. More Christian Holy Days  Easter: (early spring, date varies) – Ash Wednesday and Lent (40 days before Easter, a period of sacrifice and spiritual renewal in preparation for Easter) – Holy Week including: Palm Sunday (Jesus ’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem) Maundy Thursday (communion meal/Last Supper) Good Friday (Jesus ’ Passion and crucifixion) Easter Sunday (celebrating the resurrection)  Pentecost: the 50 th day (seven weeks) after Easter (commemorates the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles)

47. Many holy days originate in martyrdom  What does it mean to be a martyr?

48. Definition  A person who is killed because of their religious beliefs.  Who are some famous martyrs other than Jesus? List some.

49. Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwY UMu9GBY8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwY UMu9GBY8

50. Activity-Part 1  Working individually, research a martyr. Identify the following information:  Name.  Where they were from.  When they died.  HOW they died.  When their feast day is.

51. Activity-Part 2  Now reflect on this individual’s experience. They died for something they TRULY believed in. What is something you find worth dying for? Explain in 3 paragraphs  Rules: – You cannot die for family/friends – It must be something greater than yourself.

52. Possible Topics  Freedom  Equality  Justice  Love  Political beliefs  Religious beliefs  EXPLAIN WHY YOUR TOPIC IS IMPORTANT TO YOU. What is your personal connection with your topic?

53. Christianity on the Web:  ReligiousTolerance.org Christianity menu: http://www.religioustolerance.org/christ.htm a jumping off point for the basics on Christianity, including the Bible, important personalities (Jesus, Mary, saints, etc.), history, beliefs, practices, trends, denominations. ReligiousTolerance.org Christianity menu  The Spiritual Sanctuary Christianity page: http://www.thespiritualsanctuary.org/Christianity/Christianity1.ht ml provides basic information on major Christian groups and distinctive movements with links to official denomination websites. The Spiritual Sanctuary Christianity page  Orthodox Christianity: http://www.kosovo.com/orthodoxy.html Basic introduction, history, doctrine and links to other Orthodox sites. Orthodox Christianity  Catholic Online: http://www.catholic.org an inside look at Catholic concerns and life; includes a nice section on saints and angels. Catholic Onlinesaints and angels  Protestantism: (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism the basics, with links to details about a variety of Protestant denominations. Protestantism