2. ACTIVATING THE PASSIVE Anya Shaw International House Buenos Aires

4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034

6. In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034

7. In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

9. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

10. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

11. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, (which is) blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

12. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, (which is) blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

13. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, (which is) blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

14. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034 In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, (which is) blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec.

15. In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, (which is) blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034

16. In the past 20 years there has been a revolution in the Argentine wine industry, (which has been) driven partly by the success of a grape that in many countries is used only for mixing – the rich, velvety Malbec. One is small, dark and juicy. The other is loose and sandy, (which is) blasted by the sun during the day and cooled by mountain air at night. The Malbec grape and the soil of the western Argentine province of Mendoza were introduced to one another in the middle of the 19 th century. However, it was more than 100 years later before local producers realised that this combination of the thin-skinned, sun-loving grape and the sandy soil of Mendoza could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. It does not rain much here. The relationship is therefore lubricated by the ice melting off the Andes mountains. There are other grapes (which are) grown in Mendoza – Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Tempranillo to name just a few. But there is only one Malbec. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034

17. Forming the passive

18. TO BE Forming the passive

19. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE Forming the passive

20. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been Forming the passive

21. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven Forming the passive

22. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven is Forming the passive

23. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused Forming the passive

24. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused is Forming the passive

25. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted Forming the passive

26. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted is Forming the passive

27. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted is Forming the passive

28. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled Forming the passive

29. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled were Forming the passive

30. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled wereintroduced Forming the passive

31. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled wereintroduced is Forming the passive

32. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled wereintroduced islubricated Forming the passive

33. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled wereintroduced islubricated are Forming the passive

34. TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE has been(partly) driven isused isblasted iscooled wereintroduced islubricated aregrown Forming the passive

35. . Write a definition of the meaning of the passive voice.

36. Grammatical rolesNotional roles Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

37. Grammatical roles (f___) Notional roles (m______) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

38. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (m______) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

39. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (meaning) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

40. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (meaning) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

41. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

42. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

43. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

44. Grammatical roles (form) Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

45. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

46. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

47. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

48. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

49. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

50. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

51. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

52. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject agent In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

53. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

54. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

55. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

56. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

57. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

58. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject patient The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

59. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

60. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

61. = The active and passive forms differ in meaning by assigning different notional roles to the subject of the verb.

62. = The active and passive forms differ in meaning by assigning different notional roles to the subject of the verb. Verb is active = we interpret the subject as an agent (doer)

63. = The active and passive forms differ in meaning by assigning different notional roles to the subject of the verb. Verb is active = we interpret the subject as an agent (doer) Verb is passive = we interpret the subject as a patient (victim)

64. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

65. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

66. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

67. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

68. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative. subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. subject Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

69. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. subject patient Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

70. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. subject no object patient Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

71. This combination could produce a wine that was both tantalising and lucrative subject object agent patient In many countries the grape is used only for mixing. subject no object patient agent not mentioned The soil is blasted by the sun during the day. subject no object patient by + agent Grammatical roles (form)Notional roles (meaning) Subject – the noun which goes before the verb form Agent – the person or thing carrying out the action Object – the noun which comes directly after the verb form Patient – the person or thing affected by an action

72. Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen HELD The manufacturing process____________________________________ circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina _______________________________________ she would win first prize by the judges 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far ___________________________________ behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair _____________________________________________ place this weekend. From Cambridge CPE 3, 4, 5, 1

73. Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen HELD The manufacturing process was held up by unforeseen circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina _______________________________________ she would win first prize by the judges 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far ___________________________________ behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair _____________________________________________ place this weekend. From Cambridge CPE 3, 4, 5, 1

74. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen. HELD The manufacturing process was held up by unforeseen circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina was led to believe that she would win first prize by the judges. 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far ___________________________________ behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair _____________________________________________ place this weekend. From Cambridge CPE 3, 4, 5, 1 Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words.

75. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen. HELD The manufacturing process was held up by unforeseen circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina was led to believe that she would win first prize by the judges. 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far from being embarrassed by her daughter’s behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair _____________________________________________ place this weekend. From Cambridge CPE 3, 4, 5, 1 Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words.

76. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen. HELD The manufacturing process was held up by unforeseen circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina was led to believe that she would win first prize by the judges. 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far from being embarrassed by her daughter’s behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair is scheduled to take place this weekend. From Cambridge CPE 3, 4, 5, 1 Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words.

77. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen HELD The manufacturing process ______________________________________________ circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina ___________________________________ she would win first prize by the judges 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far ______________________________ behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair __________________________________ place this weekend. What do you see as the aim of this exercise? Would you call it a practice exercise? What aspects of the passive might it help learners with? Think about form, meaning and use. What are its limitations? In other words, what aspects does it not deal with? Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words.

78. Natural Eng Pre Int, Gairns and Redmond OX 172

79. Ready for FCE, Norris, Macmillan p128 Natural Eng Pre Int, Gairns and Redmond OX 172

80. New English File Int p141, Oxenden and Lathan Koenig Ready for FCE, Norris, Macmillan p128Natural Eng Pre Int, Gairns and Redmond OUP p172

81. New English File Int p141, Oxenden and Lathan Koenig Ready for FCE, Norris, Macmillan p128Natural Eng Pre Int, Gairns and Redmond OUP p172

82. The woman took the man to the station. The man was taken to the station by the woman.

83. The woman took the man to the station.

84. 1, The manufacturing process was delayed by problems no one had foreseen HELD The manufacturing process ______________________________________________ circumstances. 2, The judges gave Delfina the impression that she would win first prize. BELIEVE Delfina ___________________________________ she would win first prize by the judges 3, Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. BEING Far ______________________________ behaviour, Mrs Thomas seems to be amused by it. 4, They plan to repair the bridge the bridge this weekend. SCHEDULED The repair __________________________________ place this weekend. What do you see as the aim of this exercise? Would you call it a practice exercise? What aspects of the passive might it help learners with? Think about form, meaning and use. What are its limitations? In other words, what aspects does it not deal with? Have a go at the following CPE transformations… Remember to use between 3-8 words.

86. Randolph Quirk

87. Randolph Quirk An approximate _/_ English passive sentences have no expressed agent. Randolph Quirk et al, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (Longman, 1985:164)

88. Randolph Quirk An approximate 4/5 English passive sentences have no expressed agent. Randolph Quirk et al, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (Longman, 1985:164)

89. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury HOW AND WHY?

90. 1, The burglar was arrested last night. 2, Foxes can be found living in the unlikeliest of places. 3, Oh my God! She’s been murdered! 4,... That unimaginable moment, billions upon billions of years ago, when our universe was created. 5, I regret to inform you that, after long and careful consideration, your application has been rejected. 6, Parent to teacher: I don’t think enough homework is being set. 7, You say you had the flu but you were seen at a matinee performance of Les Miserables with your girlfriend. How do you explain that? 8, John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Friday, 22 nd November 1963. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury PASSIVE TO ACTIVE

91. 1, The burglar was arrested last night. 2, Foxes can be found living in the unlikeliest of places. 3, Oh my God! She’s been murdered! 4,... That unimaginable moment, billions upon billions of years ago, when our universe was created. 5, I regret to inform you that, after long and careful consideration, your application has been rejected. 6, Parent to teacher: I don’t think enough homework is being set. 7, You say you had the flu but you were seen at a matinee performance of Les Miserables with your girlfriend. How do you explain that? 8, John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Friday, 22 nd November 1963. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury How do you feel the sentences in each pair differ? Would you say it is more “natural”/”polite”/ more likely to occur? Can you explain why the passive might have been chosen by the speakers/writers of the original sentences?

93. Hi everyone! Are you enjoying the conference? I particularly enjoyed Lisa’s conditionals session.

94. Anya, can I ask you something?

95. Can I join in? Show them my video!

96. But it IS relevant.

97. Absolutely. I’m Tom Cruise.

98. Would anyone like an autograph?

99. Your mission... Should you choose to accept it...

100. Is to see how my new video relates to today’s session.

101. This message will self-destruct in...

102. 5

103. 4

104. 3

105. 2

106. 1

108. Jejejejeje!

109. Sorry.

110. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khAlCr2qaj0&feature=related

111. Yes. Can’t get enough of them.

112. Hang on... I’m going to change into my new outfit.

113. I AM NOT SHORT!

115. . Ethan Hunt Do you like my secret agent outfit?

116. . SECRET AGENT! Secret Agent!

117. . SECRET AGENT! Agent Obvious Secret Agent!

118. . ? ?

119. . ? ? Agent Unknown

120. . I’m not sure ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

121. . Agent Not Definite I’m not sure ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

122. . D

123. . Diplomat Agent Diplomatic (Social Relations Branch)

124. . Your secret is safe with me C

125. . C Agent Confidentiality (Social Relations Branch)

126. . ?

127. . ? Agent No

128. . It’s all about.................... C

129. . C Agent Context

130. . Ummm... This is a bit embarrassing... F-S

131. . Ummm... This is a bit embarrassing... F-S Agent Face-Saver (Social Relations Branch)

132. . Agent Obvious Agent Unknown Agent Not Definite Agent Diplomatic (Social Relations Branch) Agent Confidentiality (Social Relations Branch) Agent No Agent Context Agent Face-Saver (Social Relations Branch) Why?

133. . 1, The burglar was arrested last night.

134. . SECRET AGENT! Secret Agent!

135. . 1, The burglar was arrested last night. SECRET AGENT! Secret Agent! Agent Obvious

136. 2, Foxes can be found living in the unlikeliest of places.

137. . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I’m not sure

138. . 2, Foxes can be found living in the unlikeliest of places. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I’m not sure Agent Not Definite

139. 3, Oh my God! She’s been murdered!

140. ? ?

141. ? ? Agent Unknown

142. 4,... That unimaginable moment, billions upon billions of years ago, when our universe was created.

143. ?

144. ? Agent No

145. 4,... That unimaginable moment, billions upon billions of years ago, when our universe was created. ? Agent No Secret Agent! SECRET AGENT!

146. 4,... That unimaginable moment, billions upon billions of years ago, when our universe was created. ? Agent No Secret Agent! SECRET AGENT! Agent Obvious

147. 5, I regret to inform you that, after long and careful consideration, your application has been rejected.

148. . Diplomat

149. 5, I regret to inform you that, after long and careful consideration, your application has been rejected.. Diplomat Agent Diplomatic (Social Relations Branch)

150. 6, Parent to teacher: I don’t think enough homework is being set.

151. F-S Ummm... This is a bit embarrassing...

152. F-S Agent Face-Saver (Social Relations Branch) 6, Parent to teacher: I don’t think enough homework is being set.

153. 7, You say you had the flu but you were seen at a matinee performance of Les Miserables with your girlfriend. How do you explain that?

154. Your secret is safe with me C

155. 7, You say you had the flu but you were seen at a matinee performance of Les Miserables with your girlfriend. How do you explain that? Your secret is safe with me Agent Confidentiality (Social Relations Branch) C

156. 8, John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Friday, 23 rd November 1963.

157. 8, John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Friday, 22 nd November 1963. It’s all about.................... C

158. 8, John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Friday, 22 nd November 1963. It’s all about.................... C Agent Context

159. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury C

160. IT’S ALL ABOUT CONTEXT C

161. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

162. JOE ORTON

163. The Orton Diaries Elsie Orton gave birth to Joe Orton in Leicester in 1933 and Kenneth Halliwell battered him to death in August 1967. He left school at sixteen and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 the BBC broadcast his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, and West End theatres staged his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, as well as Loot two years later. ITV televised The Epringham Camp in 1966 and the Royal Court staged it in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. They showed his television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, posthumously in 1967 and 1968. They didn’t stage his last play, What the Butler Saw, until 1969, though they successfully revived it in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. Studios made these two last plays into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for The Beatles, Up Against it, which nobody ever filmed. Anthony Blond published a novel, Head to Toe, posthumously in 1971. John Lahr edited and Methuen first published The Orton Diaries in 1986. Joe Orton was born in Leicester in 1933 and was battered to death in August 1967. He left school and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, was broadcast and his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, was staged in the West End, as was Loot two years later. The Epringham Camp was televised in 1966 and staged at the Royal Court in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. His television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, were shown posthumously in 1967 and 1968. His last play, What the Butler Saw, was not staged until 1969, though it was successfully revived in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. These two last plays have been made into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for the Beatles, Up Against It, which was never filmed. A novel, Head to Toe, was published posthumously in 1971. The Orton Diaries (ed. John Lahr) were first published in 1986. John Lahr (ed.) The Orton Diaries (Methuen, 1998:1) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

164. TOPICCOMMENT

165. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC What the clause is about COMMENT

166. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC What the clause is about COMMENT (new) information about the topic

167. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC Kenneth Halliwell COMMENT

168. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC Kenneth Halliwell COMMENT battered him to death in 1967

169. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC Kenneth Halliwell Joe Orton COMMENT battered him to death in 1967

170. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC Kenneth Halliwell Joe Orton COMMENT battered him to death in 1967 was battered to death in 1967

171. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC Kenneth Halliwell Joe Orton COMMENT battered him to death in 1967 was battered to death in 1967

172. The Orton Diaries Elsie Orton gave birth to Joe Orton in Leicester in 1933 and Kenneth Halliwell battered him to death in August 1967. He left school at sixteen and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 the BBC broadcast his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, and West End theatres staged his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, as well as Loot two years later. ITV televised The Epringham Camp in 1966 and the Royal Court staged it in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. They showed his television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, posthumously in 1967 and 1968. They didn’t stage his last play, What the Butler Saw, until 1969, though they successfully revived it in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. Studios made these two last plays into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for The Beatles, Up Against it, which nobody ever filmed. Anthony Blond published a novel, Head to Toe, posthumously in 1971. John Lahr edited and Methuen first published The Orton Diaries in 1986. Joe Orton was born in Leicester in 1933 and was battered to death in August 1967. He left school and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, was broadcast and his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, was staged in the West End, as was Loot two years later. The Epringham Camp was televised in 1966 and staged at the Royal Court in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. His television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, were shown posthumously in 1967 and 1968. His last play, What the Butler Saw, was not staged until 1969, though it was successfully revived in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. These two last plays have been made into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for the Beatles, Up Against It, which was never filmed. A novel, Head to Toe, was published posthumously in 1971. The Orton Diaries (ed. John Lahr) were first published in 1986. John Lahr (ed.) The Orton Diaries (Methuen, 1998:1) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

173. The Orton Diaries Elsie Orton gave birth to Joe Orton in Leicester in 1933 and Kenneth Halliwell battered him to death in August 1967. He left school at sixteen and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 the BBC broadcast his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, and West End theatres staged his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, as well as Loot two years later. ITV televised The Epringham Camp in 1966 and the Royal Court staged it in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. They showed his television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, posthumously in 1967 and 1968. They didn’t stage his last play, What the Butler Saw, until 1969, though they successfully revived it in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. Studios made these two last plays into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for The Beatles, Up Against it, which nobody ever filmed. Anthony Blond published a novel, Head to Toe, posthumously in 1971. John Lahr edited and Methuen first published The Orton Diaries in 1986. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

174. The Orton Diaries Elsie Orton gave birth to Joe Orton in Leicester in 1933 and Kenneth Halliwell battered him to death in August 1967. He left school at sixteen and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 the BBC broadcast his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, and West End theatres staged his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, as well as Loot two years later. ITV televised The Epringham Camp in 1966 and the Royal Court staged it in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. They showed his television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, posthumously in 1967 and 1968. They didn’t stage his last play, What the Butler Saw, until 1969, though they successfully revived it in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. Studios made these two last plays into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for The Beatles, Up Against it, which nobody ever filmed. Anthony Blond published a novel, Head to Toe, posthumously in 1971. John Lahr edited and Methuen first published The Orton Diaries in 1986. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

175. The Orton Diaries Joe Orton was born in Leicester in 1933 and was battered to death in August 1967. He left school and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, was broadcast and his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, was staged in the West End, as was Loot two years later. The Epringham Camp was televised in 1966 and staged at the Royal Court in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. His television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, were shown posthumously in 1967 and 1968. His last play, What the Butler Saw, was not staged until 1969, though it was successfully revived in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. These two last plays have been made into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for the Beatles, Up Against It, which was never filmed. A novel, Head to Toe, was published posthumously in 1971. The Orton Diaries (ed. John Lahr) were first published in 1986. John Lahr (ed.) The Orton Diaries (Methuen, 1998:1) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

176. The Orton Diaries Joe Orton was born in Leicester in 1933 and was battered to death in August 1967. He left school and went to RADA two years later. He spent six months in prison for defacing library books. In 1964 his first play, The Ruffian on the Stair, was broadcast and his first full-length piece, Entertaining Mr Sloane, was staged in the West End, as was Loot two years later. The Epringham Camp was televised in 1966 and staged at the Royal Court in double-bill with The Ruffian on the Stair. His television plays, The Good and Faithful Servant and Funeral Games, were shown posthumously in 1967 and 1968. His last play, What the Butler Saw, was not staged until 1969, though it was successfully revived in 1975 in a season that also included important revivals of Loot and Entertaining Mr Sloane. These two last plays have been made into successful films. Orton also wrote a screenplay for the Beatles, Up Against It, which was never filmed. A novel, Head to Toe, was published posthumously in 1971. The Orton Diaries (ed. John Lahr) were first published in 1986. John Lahr (ed.) The Orton Diaries (Methuen, 1998:1) Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

177. Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

178. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

179. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

180. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

181. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

182. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

183. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

184. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

185. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

186. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

187. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

188. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

189. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

190. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

191. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

192. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

193. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Joe Orton/HeHis plays/work The Orton Diaries

194. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Joe Orton/HeHis plays/work The Orton Diaries

195. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Joe Orton/HeHis plays/work The Orton Diaries

196. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Joe Orton/HeHis plays/work The Orton Diaries

197. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TOPIC Kenneth Halliwell Joe Orton COMMENT battered him to death in 1967 was battered to death in 1967 by Kenneth Halliwell The passive allows the writer/speaker to TOPICALISE – to choose which entities are the topics of the clauses and thereby ensure that the text is coherent.

198. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Elsie Orton A season NobodyThe BBC West End Theatres Kenneth Halliwell TheyITV He (Joe Orton) Anthony Blond StudiosThey The Royal Court Methuen John LahrOrton

199. http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/grammar-reference/verbs-and-tenses/the-passive-in-english- tips-and-activities/152839.article

200. George Orwell http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/grammar-reference/verbs-and-tenses/the-passive-in-english- tips-and-activities/152839.article

201. George Orwell Never use the passive voice where the active is possible. http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/grammar-reference/verbs-and-tenses/the-passive-in-english- tips-and-activities/152839.article

202. We have been asked by your home insurers to obtain your written confirmation that all their requirements have been completed by yourself. http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/grammar-reference/verbs-and-tenses/the-passive-in-english- tips-and-activities/152839.article

203. We have been asked by your home insurers to obtain your written confirmation that all their requirements have been completed by yourself. Your home insurers have asked us to obtain your written confirmation that you have completed all the documents. http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/grammar-reference/verbs-and-tenses/the-passive-in-english- tips-and-activities/152839.article

204. As we have seen today, it is necessary to look at the whole text – rather than isolated sentences – to understand the reasons behind the selection of active or passive voice. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

205. As we have seen today, it is necessary to look at the whole text – rather than isolated sentences – to understand the reasons behind the selection of active or passive voice. Your mission, should you choose to accept it... ? Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

206. As we have seen today, it is necessary to look at the whole text – rather than isolated sentences – to understand the reasons behind the selection of active or passive voice. What kind of tasks could you create from whole texts/paragraphs with the aim of raising learners’ awareness of when it is appropriate to use the passive? Your mission, should you choose to accept it... ? Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

208. The second generation of the Zuccardi family of Mendoza, Argentina own the Santa Julia vineyards. As a tribute to his only daughter, Julia, his wines were named after her by José Alberto Zuccardi. People who work for Zuccardi planted the vineyards on land which was originally desert but which has come to life thanks to pure Andean mountain water. Careful vineyard management ensures perfectly ripe grapes and workers hand-pick this top quality fruit, then vinify it and bottle it in their state-of-the-art winery. The Viognier grape, originally from the Rhône Valley in France, produces this elegant wine rich in aromas of peach and tropical fruits. Serve chilled as an aperitif or with grilled or fried fish dishes and salads. Label on a bottle of Santa Julia white wine, 2001

209. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury The Santa Julia vineyards are owned by the second generation of the Zuccardi family in Mendoza, Argentina. As a tribute to his only daughter, Julia, José Alberto Zuccardi named his wines after her. The vineyards are planted on land which was originally desert but which has come to life thanks to pure Andean mountain water. Careful vineyard management ensures perfectly ripe grapes and this top quality fruit is hand-picked then vinified and bottled in their state-of-the-art winery. The Viognier grape, originally from the Rhône Valley in France, produces this elegant wine rich in aromas of peach and tropical fruits. Serve chilled as an aperitif or with grilled or fried fish dishes and salads. Label on a bottle of Santa Julia white wine, 2001

210. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TopicComment The Santa Julia vineyardsare owned by the Zuccardi family

211. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TopicComment The Santa Julia vineyardsare owned by the Zuccardi family Jose Alberto Zuccardinamed his wines after her

212. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TopicComment The Santa Julia vineyardsare owned by the Zuccardi family Jose Alberto Zuccardinamed his wines after her Careful vineyard managementensures perfectly ripe grapes

213. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury TopicComment The Santa Julia vineyardsare owned by the Zuccardi family Jose Alberto Zuccardinamed his wines after her Careful vineyard managementensures perfectly ripe grapes This top quality fruitis hand-picked, then vinified and bottled

214. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin- america-17286034

215. A revolution in the wine industryLocal producers The Malbec grapeThis combination (grape and soil) The soil of... MendozaThe relationship (grape and soil) The Malbec grape Other grapes (Bonarda, Cabernet The soil Sauvignon, Syrah, Tempranillo)

216. Today we’ve seen two ways of presenting the passive to learners: The passive is derived from the active e.g. transformations. The passive is distinct from the active. ? Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

217. ? New Advanced Expert CAE, Bell, Gower and Hyde, Longman p19

218. Today we’ve seen two ways of presenting the passive to learners: The passive is derived from the active e.g. transformations. The passive is distinct from the active. What are the benefits and drawbacks to learners and teachers? Which would you use? Why? Your mission, should you choose to accept it... ? Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

219. Look at these sentences, taken from Dave Willis’ article A Lexical Approach p56-7. Which words in bold would you describe as adjectives, and which as past participles? 1, I would be very interested to hear an account of your experiences. 2, Thank you very much for your detailed letter. 3, I think they must have got mixed up. 4, A van equipped with a loudspeaker toured the reservoir. 5, He was rescued by one of his companions. 10, The house was a mess... The windows were broken. 11, The windows were broken by the force of the explosion. 12, Little Miss Muffet was frightened of spiders. 13, Little Miss Muffet was frightened by a spider. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

220. Look at these sentences, taken from Dave Willis’ article A Lexical Approach p56-7. Which words in bold would you describe as adjectives, and which as past participles? 1, I would be very interested to hear an account of your experiences. 2, Thank you very much for your detailed letter. 3, I think they must have got mixed up. 4, A van equipped with a loudspeaker toured the reservoir. 5, He was rescued by one of his companions. 10, The house was a mess... The windows were broken. 11, The windows were broken by the force of the explosion. 12, Little Miss Muffet was frightened of spiders. 13, Little Miss Muffet was frightened by a spider. Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

221. Look at these sentences, taken from Dave Willis’ article A Lexical Approach p56-7. Which words in bold would you describe as adjectives, and which as past participles? 1, I would be very interested to hear an account of your experiences. 2, Thank you very much for your detailed letter. 3, I think they must have got mixed up. 4, A van equipped with a loudspeaker toured the reservoir. 5, He was rescued by one of his companions. 10, The house was a mess... The windows were broken. 11, The windows were broken by the force of the explosion. 12, Little Miss Muffet was frightened of spiders. 13, Little Miss Muffet was frightened by a spider. Willis suggests a third approach to teaching the passive: that we should simply treat past participles as predicative adjectives, so the passive does not exisit at all, but it is simply be plus an adjective. For example: Joe Orton was Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

222. Look at these sentences, taken from Dave Willis’ article A Lexical Approach p56-7. Which words in bold would you describe as adjectives, and which as past participles? 1, I would be very interested to hear an account of your experiences. 2, Thank you very much for your detailed letter. 3, I think they must have got mixed up. 4, A van equipped with a loudspeaker toured the reservoir. 5, He was rescued by one of his companions. 10, The house was a mess... The windows were broken. 11, The windows were broken by the force of the explosion. 12, Little Miss Muffet was frightened of spiders. 13, Little Miss Muffet was frightened by a spider. Willis suggests a third approach to teaching the passive: that we should simply treat past participles as predicative adjectives, so the passive does not exisit at all, but it is simply be plus an adjective. For example: Joe Orton wasfamous charming talented murdered Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury

223. Look at these sentences, taken from Dave Willis’ article A Lexical Approach p56-7. Which words in bold would you describe as adjectives, and which as past participles? 1, I would be very interested to hear an account of your experiences. 2, Thank you very much for your detailed letter. 3, I think they must have got mixed up. 4, A van equipped with a loudspeaker toured the reservoir. 5, He was rescued by one of his companions. 10, The house was a mess... The windows were broken. 11, The windows were broken by the force of the explosion. 12, Little Miss Muffet was frightened of spiders. 13, Little Miss Muffet was frightened by a spider. Willis suggests a third approach to teaching the passive: that we should simply treat past participles as predicative adjectives, so the passive does not exisit at all, but it is simply be plus an adjective. For example: Joe Orton wasfamous charming talented murdered Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury Your mission... What might be the advantages of this approach? What problems can you foresee? Would you try it? Why/why not?

224. Look at this data: Your mission, should you choose to accept it... ? Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury % passive verb forms% active verb forms Academic prose2575 Written news texts1585 Conversation298 From Douglas Biber et al. The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Longman 1998:476-7)

225. Look at this data: How would you explain these findings? What implications, if any, might they have for teachers, coursebook writers and syllabus designers? Your mission, should you choose to accept it... ? Adapted from the International House Language Awareness Course, Alex Tilbury % passive verb forms% active verb forms Academic prose2575 Written news texts1585 Conversation298 From Douglas Biber et al. The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Longman 1998:476-7)

226. The passive Choice

227. The passive Choice Topicalise

228. The passive Choice Topicalise Distancing

229. The passive Choice Topicalise Distancing How

230. The passive Choice Topicalise Distancing How Why

231. The passive Choice Topicalise Distancing How Why Context

232. The passive Choice Topicalise Distancing How Why Context Meaning

233. The passive Choice Topicalise Distancing How Why Context Meaning Use

234. Thank you and goodbye! BYE!

236. Sorry. I couldn’t resist! BYE!

237. belgrano@ihbuenosaires-city.com.ar IH Language Awareness Course IH Certificate in Teaching Younger Learners CELTA DELTA CAE CPE