2. Why is this important?  Help advance your career  As a student and beyond  Explore values, morals and ethics  Learn to think critically  Learn to think objectively  Learn to listen

3. Speaking in public  Stick with what you know and what works for you  It is different from other types of writing, but still requires you to know how to write  Straightforward, familiar, easy to follow  Understand that not everyone will agree with you, no matter what you say or how you say it  Show social and cultural intelligence

4. Pick a speech  Choose your topic  Make sure you are interested  Understand your audience  demographics  Make sure you have a purpose  Inform  Persuade  entertain

5. Give it a structure  Intro – tell me what you are going to tell me  Thesis statement – clearly expresses central idea of speech  Body – tell me  Main points  Supporting material  Conclusion – tell me what you told me  Restate your point in a memorable way

6. Outlines  Help you stay organized  Logical flow  Help you with transitions  Ensure your presentation has no holes  The longer it is, the easier to miss things

7. Practice  In front of the mirror  To your friends or family  In the dark  Silently at first  Help use notes  Help with cadence  Help with pacing  Help with gestures  Help you relax

8. Are you listening?  Selective perception  Also selective exposure and selective retention  Active listening barriers  Distractions  Defensive listening  Laziness  Culture barriers  Language barriers

9. How to improve  Prepare to listen  Pay attention for key points  Watch for nonverbal cues

10. Ethics  Free speech – a right and a responsibility  Just because you can do something doesn’t mean you should  Beware of invasion of privacy  Giving public info about a private fact  Beware of slander  Difference between public and private people  Public must show reckless disregard for the truth

11. Values  Define your values before you speak, not while defending your speech  Know your values, morals, and beliefs  Experience  Family  School  Church  Sports  work

12. Fair use  Avoid plagiarism by citing sources – both in written paper and oral presentation  Fair Use Doctrine  If copyrighted, you can not reproduce, distribute, or display without permission  Exceptions – scholarship, criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, and research  Public performance requires a license from a performing rights society  If speaking in a public forum

13. Fear of speaking  http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/articles/2009/01/06/ americans_top_10_fears/ http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/articles/2009/01/06/ americans_top_10_fears/  It’s a stereotype  It’s a lonely place  Time stands still  You are the center of attention

14. Anxiety  Before you prepare  Just thinking about the assignment makes you not want to do it  While you prepare  Research is a lot of work, and writing is difficult  Before you perform  The anticipation can be the worst  While you perform  It is lonely in front of a crowd

15. Helping you relax  Preparation  Practice  Positive thinking  Visualization  Deep breathing  Patience  movement