1. 2.1 THE CELL AS AN EFFICIENT, OPEN SYSTEM

2. TO DO  Using the textbook and your work book, fill in the cell structures and their functions. Pages 267-270

3. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION  Cell Membrane- a protective barrier for the cell: allows transport of materials into the cell and waste out of the cell  Nucleus- contains DNA and directs all cellular activity  Cytoplasm- a gel-like substance, organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm

4. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION  Cell wall- found in plants, bacteria, some protists (single celled organisms), and fungi, a rigid frame around the cell that provides strength and support  Chloroplasts- found only in plants and some protists. Contain chlorophyll that gives plants its green colour. Photosynthesis takes place here  Vacuoles- membrane bound structures that store nutrients and water.

5. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION  Endoplasmic reticulum- transports materials  Rough- has ribosomes attached  Smooth- fat and oil production  Ribosomes- where protein synthesis takes place  Lysosomes- digestion occurs here, as well defense

6. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION  Golgi apparatus- involved in secretion and transporting of substances out of the cell  Mitochondria- cellular respiration takes place here. They are the powerhouse of the cell

7. LABEL

8. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are the major elements that make up the cells.  These are organized into four major organic compounds  Lipids- fats and oils  Carbohydrates- sugars, starches, and cellulose  Protein- muscle fibre  Nucleic acids- DNA  Water is another major compound found in all plants and animal cells.  There are also many trace elements that are essential  Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe

9. TO DO  In your notes, make a table showing the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells

10. THE CELL MEMBRANE  The role of the cell membrane is to maintain equilibrium or balance inside the cell  Also known as the plasma membrane  It is a protective barrier between the environment and the cell’s fragile contents  Consists of a phospholipid bilayer

11. THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER  This is a double layer of lipids (fat) that have a phosphate group attached  The phosphates (hydrophilic)face out into the watery fluids on either side of the membrane, while the lipids (hydrophobic) face towards each other  There are proteins suspended in the bilayer

12. THE MOSAIC MODEL  A mosaic is a collection of different substances held together by a common material

13. CELL CITY ASSIGNMENT  See handout