1. BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW

2. ENZYMES BELONG TO WHICH GROUP OF BIOMOLECULES? Proteins

3. WHICH BIOMOLECULES FUNCTION IS DETERMINED BY THE ORDER OF ITS MONOMERS? Nucleic acids proteins

4. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE IS THIS? Carbohydrate Monosaccharide

5. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF LIPID (FAT) MOLECULES? Energy storage Cell membrane structure Chemical messengers (hormones) Forms tissues that insulate the body

6. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATE(SUGAR) MOLECULES? Readily assessable energy (monosaccharides, disaccharides) Energy storage (polysaccharides) Structural part of plant cell walls

7. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES? Structural component of cells Pump molecules in and out of cells (homeostasis) Catalyze chemical reactions in the body

8. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE IS THIS? Protein

9. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES? Store genetic information which codes for what proteins will be made by the cells

10. A POLYMER IS MADE UP OF…? Monomers

11. WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF CARBOHYDRATES? Carbohydrate monomers include monosaccharides like glucose. Polymers include polysaccharides like starch and glycogen

12. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE IS THIS? Lipid

13. WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF PROTEINS? Amino acids They form long chains called polypeptide chains which fold to form proteins. The shape determines its function.

14. WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS? Nucleotides The order of nitrogen bases on the nucleotides determines the genetic instructions for what protein will be made

15. WHAT ARE THE MONOMERS OF LIPIDS? Lipids do not have monomers.

16. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE IS THIS? Nucleic acid

17. HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE A CARBOHYDRATE (SUGAR)? A 2:1 ratio of H to O Look for rings

18. HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE A MOLECULE OF PROTEIN? Look for C, H, O, and N forming amino acids which may be chained together.

19. HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE LIPIDS? Look for a much greater than 2:1 ratio of H to O Look for long chains of CH with a few O’s

20. HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE A NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE? Look for C, H, O, N, and P They will often appear as a twisted ladder

21. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE IS THIS? Carbohydrate Polysaccharide

22. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ENZYMES? Catalyze (start) chemical reactions in the cells Lowers the activation energy of chemical reactions in the cells

23. WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON ELEMENTS FOUND IN ORGANIC MOLECULE? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur

24. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE IS THIS? Protein

25. WHAT IS AN ORGANIC MOLECULE? Always contains C, H, and O Molecules that form living things

26. WHAT ARE THE STEPS THAT ENZYMES GO THROUGH TO CATALYZE A CHEMICAL REACTION? A substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme The enzyme holds the substrate in position to react Products are released from the active site The enzyme goes off to catalyze another reaction

27. WHAT IS BIOMAGNIFICATION? When a toxin concentrates at the top of a food chain

28. WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULES ARE THESE? Lipids

29. A SCIENTIST PERFORMS A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF FERTILIZER MAKES PLANTS GROW BETTER. WHAT IS THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE? The fertilizer

30. A SCIENTIST PERFORMS A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF FERTILIZER MAKES PLANTS GROW BETTER. WHAT IS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE? Plant growth

31. A SCIENTIST PERFORMS A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF FERTILIZER MAKES PLANTS GROW BETTER. WHAT ARE THE CONTROLLED VARIABLES? Amount of water, soil, sunlight.

32. THE GROUP OF PLANTS THAT DO NOT GET FERTILIZER REPRESENTS… The control group

33. MULTIPLE TRIALS IN ANY EXPERIMENT INCREASE ITS… validity

34. WHAT DOES THE GRAPH DEMONSTRATE? How enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

35. WHAT DOES THE GRAPH TELL US? How enzymes have an optimal efficiency range when it comes to pH This also goes for temperature