3.  Crust – Rocky surface of the earth  Mantle – A thick layer of rock above the Outer core  Outer Core – Molten lava  Inner Core – Very hot metal that is dense and solid

4.  Physical Processes: forces which shape Earth’s land forms.  Internal (under the surface): Volcanoes, movement of the crust  External (above the surface): Weathering, Erosion

7.  Plate Tectonics: earth’s crust broken into moving plates  Continental Drift Theory: all continents were once a single land mass “Pangaea”  As plates move = earthquakes and volcanoes occur

10.  Volcanoes  Earthquakes  Islands  Mountains are created  Tsunamis

14.  Mechanical Weathering: physically breaks down large pieces of rock  Examples: water freezing inside rock, seeds and roots

15.  Chemical Weathering: changing rock’s chemical make-up  Examples: acid created by water + carbon dioxide or air pollution (acid rain)

17.  Moving water: cuts into rock/wears it away  Wind: carries soil away/deposits it elsewhere  Glaciers: carry dirt, rocks, and boulders – wears land away

18. What it does Examples MechanicalChemicalMoving water WindGlaciers WeatheringErosion