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SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol

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1 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
PRESENTATIONS IN NETWORK MANAGEMENT SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

2 Objectives / Contents SNMP Principles SNMP Information Representation
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Objectives / Contents SNMP Principles SNMP Information Representation SNMP Operation Remarks Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

3 SNMP Principles Introduction Components Multi-Vendor Principles
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Principles Introduction Components Multi-Vendor Principles Information Flow Framework Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

4 Introduction to SNMP For TCP/IP Networks: First issued in 1989
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Introduction to SNMP For TCP/IP Networks: Internet / Extranet /Intranet (multi-vendor distributed networks) First issued in 1989 Developed by IEFT (Internet Research Task Force) Subsidiary of IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Supported by 70 vendors SNMPv3: 1998 Widely implemented / with (+) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

5 A Computer Running Management Software (with GUI)
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Components SNMP Management Station Router Agent Bridge Printer Host Managed Node Process LAN A Computer Running Management Software (with GUI) Managed Node Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

6 SNMP Multi-Vendor Principles
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Multi-Vendor Principles An Agent for Every Managed Node to run SNMP management process Variables (Objects) to describe the state of each device Information (Format) Specification ANS-1: Standard Object Definition Language SMI: Defines (SNMP) Data Structures MIB: Data Structure for (Variables) Objects (Uses SMI) BER: Basic Encoding Rule (transfer syntax) (sequence of bytes for transmission) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

7 Variables to describe devices
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Information Flow Managed Node Devices Device Agent Object Variables to describe devices MIB Data Structure Modules Using SMI (ASN-1) Rules to Describe Objects (Variables) Sequence of Bytes for Transmission Using BER Rules to Convert SMI Data Structures into a Sequence of Bytes SNMP Operations Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

8 SNMP Framework Protocol: “Manager-Agent” interaction
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Framework SMI: Structure of Management Information (Rules of describing management information) Sub-Super-Set of: ASN-1: Abstract Syntax Notation One MIB: Management Information Base (Database on managed devices) BER: Basic Encoding Rules Protocol: “Manager-Agent” interaction Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

9 SNMP Information Representation
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Information Representation SMI: Structure of Management Information MIB: Management Information Base BER: Basic Encoding Rules Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

10 SMI Data Types (Examples)
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SMI Data Types (Examples) Primitive Data Types INTEGER A 32-bit integer BIT STRING A string of 0 or more bits OCTET STRING A string of 0 or more bytes NULL A variable with no value (place holder) OBJECT IDENTIFIER An officially defined data type (based on standards) Additional Types User Defined Types Application Specific Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

11 SMI: OBJECT IDENTIFIER (1/2)
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SMI: OBJECT IDENTIFIER (1/2) Top Level iso (1) ccitt (0) iso-ccitt (2) org (3) dod (6) Internet (1) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

12 SMI: OBJECT IDENTIFIER (2/2)
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SMI: OBJECT IDENTIFIER (2/2) Internet (1) mgmt (2) private (4) security (5) mib-2 (1) mgmt (2): Standard objects registered by IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) system (1) interfaces (2) ip (4) {Internet (1) 2 1} = { } Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

13 MIB: Definitions of Objects
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols MIB: Definitions of Objects MIB is the definition of “objects” that should be provided on each managed node by the SNMP “agent”. An “object” is a quantity or a field that describes one functional aspect of a device. MIB objects are arranged in “groups” Some groups relate to “layer” of the protocol stack. Other groups relate to the system as a “whole” Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

14 Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP MIB Architecture Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP MIB Application TCP / UDP ICMP IP ARP Data Link Physical Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

15 Internet Protocols Application TCP / UDP ICMP IP ARP Data Link
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Internet Protocols Application User Interface: / http / ftp /… TCP / UDP Transmission Control Protocol User Data-gram Protocol ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol Address Resolution Protocol Internet Protocol: Addressing / Routing / Congestion Control IP ARP Data Link Point-to-Point Control: LAN / WAN Physical Communication Interface: T-R / Links Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

16 BER Structure Every value transmitted consists of up to 4 fields:
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols BER Structure Every value transmitted consists of up to 4 fields: The identifier identifies the item that follows The length of the data field in bytes The data field End-of-contents flag, if the data length is unknown Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

17 BER Structure: The Identifier
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols BER Structure: The Identifier 2-bits bit bits Tag / Type 00 universal 01 application 10 context specific 11 private Data Type primitive 1 constructed Value Identification Number Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

18 BER Structure: Examples
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols BER Structure: Examples Integer: 49 Length Value Identifier String “xy” 79 (Hex) 78 (Hex) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

19 SNMP Operation Principles Manager-Agent Interaction Basic Messages
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Operation Principles Manager-Agent Interaction Basic Messages Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

20 SNMP Operation Principles
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Operation Principles Asynchronous (Request-Response) Operation to run SNMP management process SNMP Trap An “agent” notices a significant event and report the event to its management stations Trap Directed Polling Polling at “long intervals”, with Acceleration on receipt of a trap. Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

21 SNMP Operation Request PDU Time Response PDU PDU: Protocol Data Unit
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Operation Management Station Request PDU Time Managed Node Agent Response PDU PDU: Protocol Data Unit Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

22 Basic Messages (1/2) Requesting & Updating Variable Values
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Basic Messages (1/2) Requesting & Updating Variable Values Originator: Manager / Receiver: Agent Get-request: Requests the value of one or more variables Get-next-request: Requests the value of the next variable (Alphabetically through MIB) Get-bulk-request: Requests large transfer (such as Tables) Set-request: Updates one or more variables Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

23 Basic Messages (2/2) Originator: Agent Receiver: Manager Response-PDU:
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Basic Messages (2/2) Originator: Agent Receiver: Manager Response-PDU: Response Message Trap-PDU: Trap Report Originator: Manager Receiver: Another Manager Inform-request Local MIB Description Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

24 Remarks Future Work: SNMP Given Review: Practical Systems Using SNMP
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Remarks Future Work: Practical Systems Using SNMP Practical Work Follow Up SNMP Given Review: Principles Information Operation Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

25 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols
References Perkins, D.T., RMON: Remote Monitoring of SNMP-Managed LANs, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1999 Stalling, W., SNMP, SNMPv2, and CMIP: The Practical Guide to Network Management Standards, Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, 1993 “Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)”, ISO 8824, December 1987. Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

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