1. CHAPTER 12 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia World Civilizations: The Global Experience Fifth Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

2. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras II. An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements III. The Coming of Islam to South Asia IV. The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

3. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras Abbasid empire weakened, 9th-13th centuries Peasant revolts Al-Mahdi (775-785) Shi’a unreconciled Succession not secure A. Imperial Extravagance and Succession Disputes Harun al-Rashid Son of al-Mahdi The Thousand and One Nights Barmicides Persian advisors Death followed by civil war Al-Ma'mun The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

4. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras B. Imperial Breakdown and Agrarian Disorder Civil unrest Caliphs build lavishly Tax burden increases Agriculture suffers The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

5. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras C. The Declining Position of Women in the Family and Society Seclusion, veil Polygyny D. Nomadic Incursions and the Eclipse of Caliphal Power Former provinces threaten Abbasids Buyids, Persia Take Baghdad, 945 Sultans Seljuk Turks 1055, defeat Buyids Sunnis Shi'a purges Defeat Byzantines, Egypt E. The Impact of the Christian Crusades 1096, western European Christian knights Small kingdoms established Saladin retakes lands Last in 1291

6. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements Urban growth Merchants thrive A. The Full Flowering of Persian Literature Persian the court language Administration, literature Arabic in religion, law, sciences Calligraphy Firdawsi Shah-Nama Epic poem Sa'di Omar Kayyan Rubaiyat

7. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements B. Achievements in the Sciences Math Build on Greek work Chemistry Experiments Al-Razi Al-Biruni Specific weights Medicine Hospitals Courses of study

8. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements C. Religious Trends and the New Push for Expansion Sufis Mysticism Ulama Conservative Against outside influence Greek philosophy rejected Qur'an sufficient Al-Ghazali Synthesis of Greek, Qur'anic ideas Opposed by orthodoxy D. New Waves of Nomadic Invasions and the End of the Caliphate Mongols Chinggis Khan Hulegu 1258, Baghdad falls Last Abbasid killed

9. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Coming of Islam to South Asia By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central Conflict between two different systems Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system A. Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions First as traders, 8th century Attacks lead to invasion Muhammad ibn Qasim Umayyad general Takes Sind, Indus valleys Indians treated as dhimmi The Spread of Islam, 10th-16th Centuries

10. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Coming of Islam to South Asia B. Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization Science, math, medicine, music, astronomy India influences Arab C. From Booty to Empire: The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions 10th century, Turkish dynasty established in Afghanistan Mahmud of Ghazni Begins invasion of India Muhammad of Ghur Persian State in Indus valley Thence to Bengal His lieutenant, Qutb-ud-Din Aibak forms state at Delhi Delhi sultanate rules for 300 years D. Patterns of Conversion Converts especially among Buddhists, lower castes, untouchables Also, conversion to escape taxes Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th centuries

11. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Coming of Islam to South Asia E. Patterns of Accommodation High-caste Hindus remain apart Muslims also often fail to integrate F. Islamic Challenge and Hindu Revival Bhakti Devotional cults Emotional approach Caste distinctions dissolved Shiva, Vishnu, Kali especially Mira Bai, Kabir, Songs in regional languages G. Stand-off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period Brahmins v. ulama Separate communities

12. Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia Shrivijaya A. Trading Contacts and Conversion Trading leads to peaceful conversion Sufis important Starting with Sumatran ports Malacca Thence to Malaya, Sumatra, Demak (Java) Coastal cities especially receptive Buddhist elites, but population converts to Islam