1. Congress of Vienna

2. Goals of the Congress Peace settlement
Legitimacy: restore “legal” governments (hereditary monarchy)
Compensation: reward nations that helped to defeat Napoleon

3. Goals of the Congress
Balance of power: agreed to keep any one country from becoming too powerful
Surround France with strong countries

4. Prince Clemens von Metternich
Quadruple Alliance
Austria
Prussia
Russia
Great Britain
Prince Clemens von Metternich

5. Key Representatives Austria: Count Metternich
Great Britain: Lord Castlereagh
Prussia: King Frederick William
Russia: Czar Alexander I
France: Talleyrand

6. Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna
Empire: ended & French borders returned to those of 1792 (before the war started)
Former royal family restored to the throne (i.e. Louis XVIII became King of France)

7. Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna
Borders changed to reward countries that helped to defeat Napoleon, to maintain the balance of power & to surround France with strong states

8. Land Distribution Prussia: given land along the Rhine, part of Saxony
Austria: given back Northern Italy; also to oversee the German Federation

9. Land Distribution Russia: given Poland
Great Britain: given various islands (i.e. Malta) & Cape Colony (southern tip of Africa)

10. Land Distribution Sweden: given Norway Sardinia & Piedmont joined
Dutch Netherlands: given the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium)

11. Land Distribution
Napoleon returned just before the treaty was finalized (the 100 Days); after he was defeated again (Waterloo), France was forced to pay an indemnity (payment for war costs)

12. Post Vienna Concert of Europe:
Countries had regular meetings to settle international problems

13. Post Vienna Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria)
Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia, Austria)
Metternich System:
Defend absolute monarchy
Stamp out nationalism and liberalism

14. Post Vienna
Nationalism: national pride; the desire of groups of people to have their own country and independent government based on nationality

15. Post Vienna
Liberalism: based on the ideas of the Enlightenment & the moderate French Revolution; supported freedoms of speech, press, religion & trade and equality before the law

16. Revolts/Revolutions…
Liberals in Spain & Nationalists in Italy tried to overthrow the monarchies
The Concert of Europe intervened and crushed these rebellions

17. Revolts/Revolutions…
BUT…
In Latin America many countries became independent from Spain and Portugal

18. Napoleon’s Legacy Millions of people died in the wars
BUT Napoleon had spread the revolutionary ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism
Ideas that continue to affect the world today
France has 4 more revolutions in the 1800’s!