1. 5 Magazines The Power of Words and Images

2. Development of a National Culture Daniel Defoe:  founded The Review, the first magazine in England, in 1704  looked just like the newspapers of the era  covered public policy, literature, and morals Edward Cave  Gentleman’s Magazine, was the first publication to use word “magazine”

3. Magazine—a periodical that contains articles of lasting interest:  targeted at a specific audience  derived income from advertising, subscriptions, and newsstand sales  intended for a broader geographic area than newspapers  increased as nationwide advertising grew in the nineteenth century.

4. Colonial Magazines:  Publishers Andrew Bradford and Benjamin Franklin engaged in a 1740 battle over editor John Webbe.  Prior to 1800, magazines contained reprinted stories from colonial papers and British magazines, instead of original content.

5. The Saturday Evening Post:  was first published on August 4, 1821  a year’s subscription cost two dollars  contained essays, poetry, obituaries, stories, and a column called “The Ladies’ Friend”  was the first truly national medium  had a circulation of more than 3 million in 1937  was unable to adapt and compete with television

6. Photojournalism—the use of photographs to portray the news in print  Halftone—a process in which photographs are broken down into a series of dots that appear in shades of gray on the printed page  Mathew Brady—father of photojournalism: Remembered for his pictures of the American Civil War, photographed from beginning to end Brady and assistants were the first journalists to be “embedded”— with the Union army

7. The Magazine Business After the American civil war, magazines grew in popularity Postal Act of 1879—allowed periodicals to be mailed easily and inexpensively The Economics of Magazine Publishing:  Consumer magazines—publications targeted at an audience of like-minded consumers oin 2005—approximately 6,300 consumer magazines omost visible and profitable

8.  Trade magazines—published for people who work in a particular industry or business smaller, less colorful, and more specialized account for 17 percent of the industry’s revenue  Literary and commentary magazines—publications that focus on serious essays and short fiction: examples are Harper’s, Atlantic Monthly helped establish famous authors

9. Political journals:  The Nation: founded in 1865 discussed current affairs and civil rights.  The New Republic: founded in 1914 promoted labor, civil rights, and antifascism oboth featured letters from readers as an interactive forum for discussion oletters were central to the magazines’ content

10.  The Crisis: ostarted in 1910 by W. E. B. DuBois. oofficial voice of the NAACP. oprovided an outlet for black authors to publish. oleading voice against segregation in the South, black education. osuspended publication in mid-1990s to develop a new focus after losing original purpose.

11. Muckrakers—progressive investigative journalists who published in magazines in the early years of the twentieth century:  Mission to “Dig up dirt”  Samuel S. McClure: sought to make a profit through the investigative articles he published in his magazine, McClure’s  Ida M. Tarbell: reporter for McClure’s, investigated Standard Oil five-year, fifteen-article series uncovered Standard Oil’s use of bribes, fraud, and violence

12. News Magazines:  Time founded in 1923 by Henry Luce and Briton Hadden presents both sides of a story indicates which side the magazine thinks is correct  Luce started Life magazine in 1936 news through pictures subscriptions skyrocketed featured Margaret Bourke-White’s industrial photography  Luce started Sports Illustrated in 1954 currently sells 3.2 million copies a week

13. Women’s Magazines :  Began in 1830, when Louis Godey began publishing Godey’s Lady’s Book: edited by Sarah Josepha Hale from 1837 to 1877 published and promoted women writers promoted female causes

14. Women’s Magazines (cont.) The Seven Sisters:  Service magazines—primarily contain articles advising how to do things in a better way  Good Housekeeping, McCall’s, Redbook, Ladies’ Home Journal, Woman’s Day, Better Homes and Gardens, and Family Circle  Reduced to six in 2001; McCall’s ceased publication, renamed Rosie shut down in December 2002

15. Fashion/Beauty/Lifestyle Magazines:  read by 40 million women every month  Vogue (1892) has long been the leading fashion magazine  Cosmopolitan pioneering editor, Helen Gurley Brown, aimed to help the “mouseburgers” current editor, Bonnie Fuller, focused on more serious issues thirty-six international editions published

16. Men’s Magazines:  Esquire founded in 1933 published prominent writers featured risqué pinups, considered a morale booster during World War II and the Korean conflict  Playboy first appeared in 1953 as a competitor to Esquire started by Hugh Hefner for less than $7,000 promoted the sexually free good life  Maxim—the rebirth of men’s magazines launched in April 1997 offers a blend of sex, sports, and humor tries to meet the needs of the “inner guy” features short articles; attracts a great deal of fashion and gadget advertising

17. Magazines and Modern Society Magazines and Body Image  in 1972, 23 percent of U.S. women dissatisfied with their overall appearance: by 1996, grown to 48 percent critics charge the ultra-thin models to blame  Mode, a fashion magazine targeted at women size 12 and above—the average-sized women ofailed due to lack of advertisers

18.  Modern Ads Tackling the Body Image Issue: Dove’s ‘Real Beauty’ campaign (2003) Nike’s “Big Butts” and “Thunder Thighs” ads (2005)  Images of Reality: We—intended for people with disabilities Mamm—intended for women with cancer Poz—intended for people who are HIV-positive

19. Who’s in Control? Advertising versus Editorial Synergy and Magazines:  Models promoting their own interests and those of their sponsors The Blurring of Advertising and Editorial Content  Advertorials—advertising material in magazines designed to look like editorial content rather than paid advertising not always identified by magazines used to promote favored advertisers

20. Censorship and Teen Magazines:  in 1998 a New York school district removed Seventeen, Teen, and YM from the middle school library  concern over sex and health columns

21. Dick Stolley, founding editor of People, established the following rules for covers: 1.Young is better than old. 2.Pretty is better than ugly. 3.Rich is better than poor. 4.Music is better than movies 5.Movies are better than television. 6.Nothing is better than a dead celebrity. The Importance of Magazine Covers

22.  In 2002, less than 20 percent of magazines covers featured people of color.  Halle Berry: featured on the cover of Cosmopolitan in December 2002 fifth black person on magazine’s cover since 1964  Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue: as of 2006, has featured only one woman of color on the cover (Tyra Banks in1997)  O magazine always features Oprah Winfrey on the cover Covers and Race

23. Coverlines—teaser headlines used to shock, intrigue, or titillate potential buyers  goal is to appeal to as many readers as possible  designed to grab attention

24. The Future of Magazines Magazines for the Twenty-first Century  Leara D. Rhodes’ elements of successful magazines: 1.Building a relationship between the magazine and its readers 2.Providing information readers can’t easily find other places 3.Adapting to social changes 4.Being supported by advertisers 5.Adjusting to economic changes and limitations 6.Shaping public discourse by defining the major issues of society

25. Current trends in magazine publishing:  magazines are targeting narrower audiences  presentation is important  articles are short Cross-media Synergy  magazines complementing other media example—ESPN and ESPN Magazine  Internet-exclusive magazines few are successful (Salon and Slate) magazines’ Web sites are popular