1. The Geography of Settlement
Where You Live
The Geography of Settlement

3. Is Canada’s population evenly distributed across the country?

4. 300

5. 600km

6. close to water transportation
warmer
agriculture
Why
close to U.S.
resources
close to water transportation

7. Why is our population distributed this way?
Settlement Patterns
the arrangement of where people live in a country and the factors that influence the arrangement

8. General Settlement Patterns
3 Basic Patterns

9. Dispersed
Linear
Concentrated

10. Dispersed
found in areas that have a strong agricultural base; spread out on farms

11. found where resources are focused in small areas; towns
Concentrated
found where resources are focused in small areas; towns

12. a type of concentrated pattern found along lines (e.g. highway, river)
Linear

13. There are 2 main categories in Canada:
Rural
and
Urban

14. Rural Canada

15. Rural Settlement

16. Factors that Affect the Pattern
Type of Resources in area (agriculture, forestry, fishing, etc.. )
Transportation methods available at the time of settlement ( water transport usually preceded roads)
Role government policy played in settlement (planning, size and shape of lots, survey system of area)

17. Types of Rural Settlement Patterns

18. Long Lots Southern Quebec
Settled before railways and good roads and surveys
Most important influence is agricultural resources and river transport
Long thin farms were built along the St. Lawrence River; each farm had access to the river for transportation
Known as long lots; when river lots were taken, a second (& 3rd and 4th) were settled were settled on a road parallel to the river
Southern Quebec

19. Advantages Disadvantages
- every owner has access to water or road transport routes
- homes are close to each other
Disadvantages
- lots are inefficient to farm
- larger towns are usually farther away

21. Concession System Southern Ontario
Settlement also influenced by agricultural resources
Settled after a survey system was in place
Access to major water was not as important because roads were already established
Roads were typically 2 km apart and farms were hectares in size
Groupings of concession blocks were called townships and groups of townships were called counties
Southern Ontario

22. Advantages Disadvantages
- every owner has access to road or railway transport routes
- farms are more efficient to work
Disadvantages
- houses are farther away from each other

24. Section System Southern Prairie
Surveyed before major settlement occurred using the “Section System”
Land was divided into blocks 94 km2 (9.6km2 by 9.6km2 ) in size
Each block is divided into 36 sections, each of which is divided into 4 lots called quarter-sections (64 ha in size)
Due to low rainfall levels, farms needed to be made bigger in order to survive. This gave rise to “farm consolidation”
Southern Prairie

25. Advantages Disadvantages
- every owner has access to road or railway transport routes
- farms are very efficient to work, especially with machinery
Disadvantages
- houses are very isolated from each other

28. Rural Canada Today Family farms are disappearing
Farms are becoming larger
Agribusiness-operations that own and farm vast amounts of land
Other Industries- industries involving natural resources and tourism

29. Rural- Urban Migration
Urbanization- so many people move into rural areas close to existing cities that these areas become urban
Why has this happened?
Modern machinery- fewer jobs
Interest- young people don’t want to farm
Jobs- more jobs available
Lifestyle- more things to do and more people to meet

30. Rural-Urban Fringe
Only about 10% of Canada’s land is good for farming and was settled by Europeans early, but as the areas got settled, communities grew outward to a point where now 18% of Class 1 farmland is used for urban purposes
Rural-Urban Fringe- where the city and the countryside meet
This surrounds every major city in Canada

31. Land Uses
Rural
Farming
Camping
Urban
Housing
Industry
Business

32. Land Use on the Fringe
Uses will be things not usually found in built up areas, but not far from a population centre
What do you think could be and example of this?
This land use can quickly change as a city grows into it

33. Loss of Farmland to Cities
Urban Sprawl- urban growth that happens quickly
What factors effect the development of farmland to urban areas?
Interest of developers in land
Citizens against development can slow down process
Politics- zoning by-laws

34. Textbook Task Page 125- Questions 14 a and b, 15 a and b, 16
Page 127- Questions 17 a-c, 20