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Biology 250:Human Anatomy Spring 2005 Cardiovascular System
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Cardiovascular Overview Heart: pumps blood throughout the body –Involuntary striated muscle Arteries: carries blood away from the heart –Carries oxygenated blood to body Veins: carries blood to the heart –Carries de-oxygenated blood to the heart Capillaries: connect arteries, veins
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Heart Usually the size of a fist Weighs between 250-350 grams (< 1 lb) Sits with the mediastinum –Medial cavity of the thorax Base: broad, flat –Directed toward the right shoulder Apex: pointed end of heart –Points inferiorly toward the left hip
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Coverings of the Heart Pericardium Double-walled sac enclosing the heart Dense Connective Tissue Purposes of Pericardium: 1.Protection 2.Anchors heart to surrounding structure 3.Prevents overfilling of heart
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Layers of Heart Wall 3 Layers of Heart Wall 1.Epicardium Superficial Layer; usually filled with fat 2.Myocardium Middle Layer; composed of cardiac muscle 3.Endocardium Deepest Layer; Squamous Epithelium
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Heart Chambers 4 Chambers of the Heart: 2 Superior Chambers –Right Atrium, Left Atrium –Relatively thin heart wall 2 Inferior Chambers –Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle –Thick heart wall (produces strong contraction) Interatrial/ventricular septum
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Right Atrium Superior/Right Chamber of Heart De-Oxygenated Blood From Body 3 Major Veins: 1.Superior Vena Cava –Blood from superior portion of body 2.Inferior Vena Cava –Blood from inferior portion of body 3.Coronary Sinus –Blood from the heart itself
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Right Ventricle Inferior/Right Chamber of Heart De-Oxygenated Blood from Right Atrium Relatively thick heart wall 2 Major Arteries: 1.Left Pulmonary Artery De-oxygenated blood to left lung 2.Right Pulmonary Artery De-oxygenated blood to right lung ONLY arteries with de-oxygenated blood
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Left Atrium Superior/Left Chamber of Heart Oxygenated Blood From Lungs 2 Major Veins: 1.Right Pulmonary Vein Oxygenated blood from right lung 2.Left Pulmonary Vein Oxygenated blood from left lung ONLY veins with oxygenated blood
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Left Ventricle Inferior/Left Chamber of Heart Oxygenated blood from Left Atrium Thick Heart Wall Pumps blood through major artery: –Aorta: branches into all other arteries of body
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Coronary Arteries Arteries which supply the heart Major Coronary Arteries 1.Left Coronary Artery 2.Anterior Interventricular Artery 3.Circumflex Artery 4.Right Coronary Artery 5.Marginal Artery 6.Posterior Interventricular Artery CABG
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Heart Valves Separate the chambers of the heart Prevent back-flow of blood Atrioventricular Valves (AV) –Separate the atrium from the ventricles 1.Right AV Valve (Tricuspid Valve) 2.Left AV Valve (Bicuspid or Mitral) –Contain Chordae Tendineae
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Heart Valves (Cont.) Semilunar Valves (SL) –Resemble half moons 1.Pulmonary Semilunar Valve –Prevents back-flow from Pulmonary Arteries into Right Ventricle 2.Aortic Semilunar Valve –Prevents back-flow from Aorta into Left Ventricle
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Common Valve Deficiencies Incompetent Valve –“Leaky” Valve; does not close properly Valvular Stenosis –“Stiff” Valve; does not open properly “Heart Murmur”
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