1. Drug: Anabolic Steroids ReferencesNIDA Iowa Health Systems

2. Anabolic Steroids Aavailable legally only by prescription, to treat conditions that occur when the body produces abnormally low amounts of testosterone, such as delayed puberty and some types of impotence.Aavailable legally only by prescription, to treat conditions that occur when the body produces abnormally low amounts of testosterone, such as delayed puberty and some types of impotence. They are also prescribed to treat body wasting in patients with AIDS and other diseases that result in loss of lean muscle mass. They are also prescribed to treat body wasting in patients with AIDS and other diseases that result in loss of lean muscle mass. Abuse of anabolic steroids, however, can lead to serious health problems, some irreversible. Abuse of anabolic steroids, however, can lead to serious health problems, some irreversible.

3. Terms Bending - mixing different drugsBending - mixing different drugs Bulking up - increasing muscle mass through steroidsBulking up - increasing muscle mass through steroids Cycling - taking multiple doses of steroids over a specific period of time, stopping for a time and starting againCycling - taking multiple doses of steroids over a specific period of time, stopping for a time and starting again Doping - using drugs and other non-food substances to improve athletic prowessDoping - using drugs and other non-food substances to improve athletic prowess Ergogenic drugs - performance-enhancing substancesErgogenic drugs - performance-enhancing substances Megadosing - taking massive amounts of steroids by injection or pillMegadosing - taking massive amounts of steroids by injection or pill Plateauing - when a drug becomes ineffective at certain levelsPlateauing - when a drug becomes ineffective at certain levels Roid rages - uncontrolled outbursts of anger, frustration or combativenessRoid rages - uncontrolled outbursts of anger, frustration or combativeness Shotgunning - taking steroids on a hit-or-miss basisShotgunning - taking steroids on a hit-or-miss basis Stacking - using a combination of anabolic steroid, often taken in combination with other drugsStacking - using a combination of anabolic steroid, often taken in combination with other drugs Tapering - slowly decreasing steroids intakeTapering - slowly decreasing steroids intake

4. Steroids Three typesThree types –anabolic (male hormone/most frequently abused), cortical, and estrogenic (female hormone). Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids –synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. The full name is androgenic anabolic steroids and they promote growth of the skeletal structure and increase lean body mass. Anabolic steroids are taken orally or injected. They are taken in continuous patterns called "cycling," which occur by starting, stopping and starting again over a period of weeks or months and changing the dosages of the steroids.Anabolic steroids are taken orally or injected. They are taken in continuous patterns called "cycling," which occur by starting, stopping and starting again over a period of weeks or months and changing the dosages of the steroids. Users will combine anabolic steroids (“stacking”)often times with other drugs (stimulants, depressants, painkillers, anti-inflammatories) to maximize their effectiveness while minimizing negative effects.Users will combine anabolic steroids (“stacking”)often times with other drugs (stimulants, depressants, painkillers, anti-inflammatories) to maximize their effectiveness while minimizing negative effects.

5. Anabolic Steroids Short term effects:Short term effects: –Increase strength –Increase muscle size –Help muscle recover

6. Signs of Addiction/Indications of Misuse Quick weight and muscle gainQuick weight and muscle gain Increased combativeness and aggressivenessIncreased combativeness and aggressiveness JaundiceJaundice Purple or red spots on body; unexplained darkness of skinPurple or red spots on body; unexplained darkness of skin Persistent unpleasant breath odorPersistent unpleasant breath odor Swelling feet or lower legsSwelling feet or lower legs Severe acne and/or rashesSevere acne and/or rashes

7. Clinical Effects: Physical Risks Stunted growthStunted growth Increased cholesterolIncreased cholesterol Sexual function problemsSexual function problems Heart diseaseHeart disease Liver tumorsLiver tumors JaundiceJaundice Fluid retentionFluid retention High blood pressureHigh blood pressure CancerCancer CataractsCataracts Men experience shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, impotence, premature baldness, enlarged prostate gland, gynecomastia (breast enlargement) and difficulty or pain in urinatingMen experience shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, impotence, premature baldness, enlarged prostate gland, gynecomastia (breast enlargement) and difficulty or pain in urinating Women take on masculine traits, develop hairiness, deepening of voice, enlargement of clitoris, breast reduction, change or cessation of menstrual cycleWomen take on masculine traits, develop hairiness, deepening of voice, enlargement of clitoris, breast reduction, change or cessation of menstrual cycle DeathDeath Extreme irritabilityExtreme irritability DelusionsDelusions Impaired judgement stemming from feelings of invincibilityImpaired judgement stemming from feelings of invincibility "Roid" rage or wild mood swings"Roid" rage or wild mood swings Manic-like behavior that can lead to violent, even homicidal, episodesManic-like behavior that can lead to violent, even homicidal, episodes DepressionDepression

8. DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Abuse Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous. Recurrent substance-related legal problems.Recurrent substance-related legal problems. Continued substance abuse despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.Continued substance abuse despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.

9. DMS-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Dependence Tolerance, ad defined by either of the following:Tolerance, ad defined by either of the following: –The need for marked increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect. –Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: –The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance. –The same (or closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms. Taking the substance often in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.Taking the substance often in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. A persistent desire or unsuccessful effort to cut down or control substance use.A persistent desire or unsuccessful effort to cut down or control substance use. Spending a great deal of time in activities necessary to obtain or use the substance or to recover from its effects.Spending a great deal of time in activities necessary to obtain or use the substance or to recover from its effects. Giving up social, occupational or recreational activities because of substance abuse.Giving up social, occupational or recreational activities because of substance abuse. Continuing the substance use with the knowledge that it is causing or exacerbating a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem.Continuing the substance use with the knowledge that it is causing or exacerbating a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem.

10. Abused Steroids Abused Steroids More than 100 different anabolic steroids have been developed, but they require a prescription to be used legally in the United States. Most steroids that are used illegally are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from U.S. pharmacies, or synthesized in clandestine laboratories.More than 100 different anabolic steroids have been developed, but they require a prescription to be used legally in the United States. Most steroids that are used illegally are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from U.S. pharmacies, or synthesized in clandestine laboratories.

11. Abused Steroids