1. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Anabolic: stimulate muscle growth
Androgenic: stimulate male sex characteristics

2. Androstane

3. Male Sex Hormones Before After Castration Castration
It was deduced that a secretion of the testes was responsible for male
sex characteristics

4. Testis Extract and Hormones from Urine
Testis extract: High activity

5. Testosterone

6. Separation of Androgenic and Anabolic Effects
Receptors for testosterone have the same affinity in the
sex accessory organs as in skeletal muscle

7. Nandrolone

8. Metabolic Deactivation of Testosterone

9. 17α-substituted Derivatives

10. 17β- Esters

11. Structure Activity Relationship

12. Performance Enhancers
17α- alkyl and 17β- esters are not suitable for illegal use by athletes because of their prolonged life and ease of detection
Prohormones are metabolized into active anabolics and occur naturally in the body
Androstenedione
DHEA

13. Side Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Both Sexes
Men
Women
Increased risk of heart attack and stroke
Testicular atrophy
Clitoral enlargement
Increased aggression
impotence
Beard growth
Liver tumors, jaundice, peliosis hepatitis
Enlarged prostrate
Deepened voice
baldness
Breast enlargement
Breast diminution

14. References
1. Kochakian, C. D. “History of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids.” Anabolic Steroid Abuse ,
2. Block, John H. Beale, John M. Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
3. Kochakian, C. D. “The Effects of Male Hormone on the Protein and Energy Metabolism of Castrate Dogs.” Journal of Nutrition
4. Bowers, A. Edwards, J. “Steroids: Ring A Modified Hormone Analogs, Part 1.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
5. Celotti, F. Cesi, P. “Anabolic Steroids: A review of their effects on the muscles, of their possible mechanisms of action and of their use in athletics.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 43(5)
6. Krieg, M. “Characterization of the androgen receptors in the muscle of the rat.” Steroids
7. Counsell, R. E. Adelstein, G. W. “!9-Nor- and 19-Substituted 5a-Androst-2-ene Derivatives” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
8. Delbeke, Frans T. “Prohormones and Sport.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology