1. MDA Chapters: 13: Dental Caries 14: Periodontal Disease
Study Guide
MDA
Chapters:
13: Dental Caries
14: Periodontal Disease

2. What are the two groups of bacteria
Mutans streptococci
Lactobacilli
What are these bacteria responsible for:
Dental caries

3. What three factors must be present for a caries to develop?
Dental caries is a disease caused by multiple factors. A chain, if you will:
What three factors must be present for a caries to develop?
Susceptible tooth
Diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates
Specific bateria

4. What is demineralization?
Dissolving of the calcium and phosphate from the hydroxyapatite crystals in the enamel
What is remineralization?
Replacement of the minerals in a tooth

5. Carious lesions Can be slowed down by using fluoride
Found in older patients are usually root caries
Can be detected by
Radiographs
Dye indicators
Laser caries detectors
Visual site
Most common chronic disease in children

6. Caries Assessments
Help detect the number of MS (mutans streptococci) and LB (Lactobacilli bacteria) present
The higher the count the more risk one has
Gives us the patient’s risk of caries
Helps in prevention planning for the dental staff

7. Saliva Acts as an important part in protecting against caries
If the saliva function is reduced, then our teeth are at a higher risk for cavities
The ways in which saliva helps protect
Physical-water content is saliva
Chemical-saliva contains calcium,phosphate/fluoride
Antibacterial-substances within the saliva(immunoglobulin)

8. Rampant Caries
Those that develop rapidly and can have multiple lesions throughout the mouth
Causes
Xerostomia
Eating excessive amounts of sugar

9. Periodontium Periodontal disease
Structures that surround, support and attach to the teeth
Periodontal disease
Infectious process that involves inflammation
Leading cause of tooth loss in adults
It is treatable

10. Conditions linked to Periodontal Disease
Cardiovascular
Greater risk in strokes and heart attacks
Oral bacteria spread to blood stream
Preterm low birth weight
Those with PD have 7 times higher risk
Respiratory Disease
Bacteria colonize in the mouth and alter respiratory system leading to pneumonia
Dental Plaque
Calculus—tartar
Can penetrate cementum on root surfaces

11. Conditions cont Must be removed by dentist or hygienist. Supragingival
Clinical crown area, visable
Yellow color
Subgingival
Root surfaces
Dark green or black in color
Must be removed by dentist or hygienist.

12. Types of Periodontal Disease
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gingival tissue
Easiest and most controllable
Periodontitis tissues of the teeth
Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth

13. Dental Plaque Soft mass of bacterial deposits
Covers the tooth surfaces
Not visible at first
Builds up and appears white and sticky

14. Periodontitis
Any age
Mostly in adults
Inflammation of supporting structures, loss of attachment
Prevalence and severity increase with age
Slight to early
Early bone loss, attachment loss
Moderate
More advanced state, loss up to 4 mm (5-7 pockets)
Severe or Advanced
Further progression, severe destruction (7mm or greater)