1. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 1 What is Planning? –An IS plan is a statement of how management foresees its ISs in the future. –IS plan includes: Activities planner believes will help achieve goals. Program for monitoring real-world progress. Means for implementing changes in the plan. Chapter 14 Planning Information Systems

2. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 2 1. Approaches to Planning Top-down Planning –Focuses on organizational goals first, then on the needs of business units Bottom-up Planning –Focuses on needs of business units first, then on organizational goals

3. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 3 Approaches to Planning Planning by Critical Success Factors –Executives define critical success factors first so planning can address resources to support those factors Critical success factor: issues identified as critically important to business success

4. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 4 Approaches to Planning Figure 14.4 Business planning by critical success factors

5. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 5 2. Information Systems Planning Figure 14.5 Advances in IS planning since the 1970s

6. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 6 What are Key Elements of Information Systems Planning Key elements of an IS Plan –Corporate mission statement –Vision for IT within organization –IS strategic and tactical plans –Operations plan to achieve mission and vision –Budget to ensure resources are available

7. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 7 Information Systems Planning Figure 14.6 The steps of information systems planning

8. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 8 Information Systems Planning The Corporate and IS Mission Statements –The corporate mission statement details the purpose of the organization and its overall goals. –IS mission statement outlines the purpose of ISs in the organization.

9. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 9 Information Systems Planning Figure 14.8 The mission statement of a university IS organization

10. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 10 Information Systems Planning The IT Vision –Wish list of what IS managers would like to see in terms of hardware, software, and communications, to contribute to goals of the organization

11. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 11 Information Systems Planning Strategic and Tactical IS Planning –IS strategic plan details what is to be achieved –IS tactical plan describes how goals will be met and by when

12. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 12 Information Systems Planning Figure 14.9 Rigid and dynamic planning

13. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 13 What are important factors in IS tactical planning Important Factors in IS Tactical Planning –Flexibility –Compatibility –Connectivity –Scalability –Standardization –Total Cost of Ownership

14. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 14 3. IS Planning Initiatives Four groups of people who initiate new or improved ISs from different perspectives –Top management –IS professionals –Line managers –Users

15. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 15 The Champion High-ranking officer who commands sufficient political clout to include IS in planning Most effective champions are not IS professionals.

16. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 16 The Champion A successful champion is a leader who can: –Promote the vision of IT in the organization. –Inspire top management and subordinates alike. –Remove barriers to realizing vision. –Focus on both short-term and long-term objectives. –Be a torchbearer for making change happen. –Drive accountability to lowest organizational level.

17. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 17 The Systems Analyst as an Agent of Change Planning almost always deals with change, which people tend to resist. Systems analysts must convince users that the new system will help them in their work. –Explain how a new system will improve business performance –Train individuals in the use of the new system

18. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 18 4. Ethical and Societal Issues Codes of Ethics for IS Professionals IS professionals can find themselves in situations where the interests of different constituencies collide. Many organizations do not provide adequate guidelines for resolving conflicts of interest.

19. Management Information Systems, 3 rd Edition Effy Oz 19 Ethical and Societal Issues Codes of Ethics for IS Professionals IS organizations with codes of ethics –Association of Computing Machinery –Data Processing Management –International Federation for Information Processing –British Computer Society –Canadian Information Processing Society –Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals