1. Immigrant Songs The Origins of American Musical Styles

2. Contents Immigration and musical styles The Blues Country Music, Western Music Folk Music Rock and Roll Jazz and Gospel Swing / Boogie-woogie / Jitterbug Folk and Soul Rap and Hip-Hop Electronic Music Music and Morality

5. West African Slaves brought their music to America They converted to Christianity, but kept their musical traditions This music became known as the blues

6. The Blues African-Americans in the Deep South sang about the difficult experiences of everyday life Simple, rhyming, narrative ballads “The Blues” comes from a 1798 play. Refers to Blue Devils, which evoke feelings of melancholy, images of sadness Today, describes a depressed mood: unhappy, downhearted, heavy-hearted Grew in popularity during the 1920s and evolved into jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll

7. Irish, French and Scottish immigrants brought their traditional music, instruments and songs This music became folk music, and also country music

8. Country Music & Western Music Cowboy songs were known as Western Music –Western: a folk music composed by pioneers who settled the western United States and Canada. –Came from older English, Irish and Scottish ballads and Mexican music from the Southwest. –Celebrated the hard life of the working cowboy on the open ranges and prairies of western North America. Country music: blended from traditional and popular musical forms in south-eastern areas of the US in the 1920s. –The term country music became popularin the 1940s when the earlier name hillbilly music became politically incorrect. –Today the label "country music" is used to describe many styles. Both types are commonly grouped as Country & Western because Billboard magazine put them together in a chart. In reality, western music was from the western U.S. while country music originated in the southeast.

9. Folk Music A musical term that covers many different genres Some types are known as roots music because they were the basis for music later developed in the US, such as rock and roll, rhythm and blues, jazz The American Folk Music revival began in the 1940s and peaked in popularity in the mid-1960s Popularity ended by the invasion of British rock which had its roots in American Folk

10. Folk singers like Woody Guthrie inspired the Counterculture generation Folk music is still popular today Country singers like Johnny Cash were also inspired by Woody Guthrie

11. White singers like Elvis Presley were able to copy the style and achieve commercial success Artists like Bo Diddley….. …. And Chuck Berry, developed Blues music in to Rock’n’Roll in the 1950s

12. Rock and Roll A new style of music in the 1950s Melded the blues, country music, jazz and gospel music and sometimes folk and classical music The source of many types of rock music: soft rock, glam rock, heavy metal, punk rock, grunge, indie, Britpop… Rock and roll was criticized as immoral and a threat to decent society

13. Sound similar?

14. Original, African Music continued to evolve and split into new musical forms Jazz Gospel

15. Jazz and Gospel The Jazz age began in 1916 A mix of West African and European music 1920s: American society changed by industrialization, urbanization, modernization Phonograph records and radio: new ways to deliver jazz into homes Its popularity caused an anti- jazz movement. Conservatives blamed jazz for declining morals and changing social norms Gospel music grew out of Blues and the Great Depression The Great Depression: –Occurred worldwide from 1929 until the late 1930s –Longest, most widespread and deepest economic depression Expresses communal spiritual beliefs about Christian life Common theme: praise, worship or thanks to God

16. Swing / Boogie-woogie / Jitterbug Swing and big bands replaced Jazz as America’s favourite in the 1930s –Criticized as immoral: the music’s tempo drove people to evil and sin! –Benny Goodman, Gene Krupa, Harry James, Lionel Hampton "Sing, Sing, Sing": http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTzP7ecGQiw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTzP7ecGQiw Boogie-Woogie: a piano-style of blues popular from the late 1930s – 1940s –Blues depicted emotions but boogie-woogie was about dancing –Also criticized as immoral and a threat to the standards of decency Jitterbug (the Lindy Hop): a popular form of dancing to big band music during World War II –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6s0AZRtQt0 / http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbaNYWkQYYAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6s0AZRtQt0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbaNYWkQYYA –As with earlier types of music/dancing…criticized as immoral

17. Jazz and Gospel developed into… Funk and Soul

18. New, Electronic music from Europe… Began to influence Disco music

19. Kraftwerk’s electronic music also helped invent….. Hip Hop!

20. Hip Hop Culture was influenced by European electronic music, Funk and Soul music, and the Jamaican Dub Soundsystem culture DJ’s noticed that people enjoyed the ‘breaks’ in records most…. So they invented ‘scratching’

21. Groups like the Sugarhill Gang ‘sampled’ old records….. ….. To create new ones

22. Some rappers, like Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, were not happy to just make ‘party music’. They began making more socially conscious Hip Hop This gradually evolved into what was called Gangsta Rap, in the 1990s

23. In Chicago, producers like Larry Levan and Frankie Knuckles made extended, looping versions of Disco music, to dance to….. Through the 1980’s this evolved into House music

24. At the same time, in Detroit, producers like Juan Atkins used drum machines and samplers to make electro music…. …..which developed into techno music

25. EDM (Electronic Dance Music) Electronic Dance Music: A US term for dance music American house music influenced rave culture in the UK and Europe in the 1990s: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQM3pa3L1Lg&list=P LBF1F6DE54BEDDE7E http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQM3pa3L1Lg&list=P LBF1F6DE54BEDDE7E As with earlier types of music, rave was criticized as a danger to society because of its association with drugs Not popular in the US until the 2000s – influenced by different British and European dance acts and genres Now hugely popular in the US: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUgK_RYjj2o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUgK_RYjj2o

26. Music and Morality New types of music/dance are often seen as immoral and a threat to society –________ is ruining the youth of America! What will become of the country? Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) A committee formed in 1985 to increase parental control over access of children to music List of “Filthy Fifteen” songs Uncertain whether the sticker was effective Some people suggest it actually increased sales