1. Nosebleeds (Epistaxis) Kirthank Manivannan

2. Intro to Nosebleeds What are nosebleeds? Nosebleeds are when you bleed from the nose They are common for everyone Some require medical attention (posterior nosebleeds) I always get nosebleeds, so I chose to talk about this topic, since it relates to me, and it can help me find a better and efficient way of stopping one

3. Why do they Happen? Nosebleeds happen because; Dry weather (no humidity) causes membrane in nose to dry and crack, causing blood to flow through Upper respiratory infections during Winter Nose injuries Trauma Allergies Use of Nasal Sprays or blood thinning medications Too much Alcohol Nose problems inherited from parents

4. Two Types of Nosebleeds Anterior: Bleeding comes from blood vessels on nasal septum of inside of nose. Posterior: Bleeding from artery in back of the nose (less common, require serious medical attention)

5. How the Seasons Affect Bloody Noses The seasons affect bloody noses because the more drier the season (Spring, Winter), the more dry and cracked the nasal membranes become, and so you are more prone for bloody noses or related infections.

6. Option 1 Tilt your head back to stop blood coming out Yes or No?: No This can cause blood to congeal in your throat, which will affect your breathing and can harm your health. The blood can also choke you. Nosebleed Treatments: What is Effective and Ineffective?

7. Option 2 Use nasal sprays to prevent bloody noses Yes or No?: No Nasal sprays can damage the inner membrane of your nose, causing it more prone to bleeding

8. Option 3 Tilt head down for 2-5 minutes, with a tissue at your nose, and hold the nose around the middle Yes or No?: Yes Holding the nose around the middle makes the blood stay back inside, since the pressure keeps the blood inside. Also the time taken to do this will mean that the blood will eventually dry up

9. Option 4 Tilt your head forward, use a tissue to stop the flow of blood, put an ice pack between your eyebrows, and hold your nose around the middle Yes or No?: Yes One of the best ways to get rid of a bloody nose, as it stops the flow, since the pressure in the middle of the holds the blood back, and the ice pack should shrink the size of the blood cells

10. Option 5 Tilt your head forward with a tissue, and hold an ice pack to the back of your neck Yes or No: Yes, but not very effective. According to several sites, this method actually works, but is not as effective as option 4

11. Option 6 Take a capsule or teaspoon of cayenne pepper and pinch your nose together Yes or No?: Yes Cayenne pepper helps stop bleeding very quickly, in about a minute or two, and the reason why is because the cayenne pepper reacts with the body and equalizes the blood pressure, so the blood clots faster.

12. Option 7 Going to a doctor to cauterize a wound inside the nose, which could be causing a nosebleed Yes or No: Yes, but only for some cases Cauterizing a wound inside your nose to stop nosebleeds is a permanent solution. It can stop nosebleeds for years to come. However, it is usually used for more severe cases of nosebleeds, such as posterior nosebleeds, since severe cases have a much more urgent need to stop.

13. The Best Option (for me) For me, the best option when thinking about nosebleeds is a combination of: Options 4 and 5 The reason being that 4 concentrates highly on shrinking the blood cells with ice, while option 5 makes you pinch your nose while tilting your head forward for a couple of minutes This is very effective when put together since you manage to shrink and hold back and think a bloody nose in a very short time

14. References [Bloody nose] [Online image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/ columnists/kelvin_mackenzie/2463776/Kelvin-MacKenzie-Vote-today-give-MPs-a-bloody-nose.html I used the blood on this image in my graphic manipulation in photoshop. Drugs that cause nosebleeds. (n.d.). Livestrong. Retrieved May 28, 2011, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/190148-drugs-that-cause-nosebleeds/ This site is reliable since it is written by medical professional whom are dedicated to people's health and try to help them with reliable information about illnesses. How to cauterize a nose bleed. (n.d.). eHow. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.ehow.com/ how_6175086_cauterize-nose-bleed.html This article on this site is reliable since it was written by a trained medical student, who works in physiology and medicine. [Nasal spray] [Online image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.viewpoints.com/ Ocean-Premium-Saline-Nasal-Spray-reviews This picture is the one I am using in my graphic manipulation project. Nosebleed. (n.d.). Emedicinehealth. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.emedicinehealth.com/ nosebleeds/article_em.htm This site is reliable since all the articles on it are written by expert physicians. Nose bleed. (n.d.). Hpathy. Retrieved May 13, 2011, from http://health.hpathy.com/ nosebleed-symptoms-treatment-cure.asp This site is reliable because the article on nose bleeds on this site was written by a professional doctor. Nosebleed (epistaxis). (n.d.). MedicineNet.com. Retrieved May 13, 2011, from http://www.medicinenet.com/nosebleed/article.htm This site is reliable because it is composed by over 70 professional physicians and doctors, whom are all qualified in the field of healthcare and medicine. Nosebleeds. (n.d.). Health-bytes. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.health-bytes.com/ nosebleeds.htm This site is reliable since the maker of it is a board-certified pediatrician, and works as a doctor, which means he knows what he is talking about when it comes to health and medicine. Nosebleeds. (1999). SIRS discover. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com/ discoweb/disco/do/article?urn=urn%3Asirs%3AUS%3BARTICLE%3BART%3B0000108747 This site is reliable because the article is from a site which was written by doctors and medical professionals. Seasonal variation to epistaxis in East Kent, UK. (n.d.). ISPUB. Retrieved May 28, 2011, from http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_otorhinolaryngology/volume_12_number_2_7/ article/a-seasonal-variation-to-epistaxis-in-east-kent-uk.html This site is reliable since it was published by a science research publications center. What parents should know about nesebleeds. (2005, October 3). Questia school. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5011200219 This article on the database is reliable because it is written by a doctor who is a professional in her line of work and knows what she is talking about.