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BRITISH COLONIES 1607 1607 1607 1607 1607 1607 1607 1607 1607
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ROANOKE ISLAND TTTThe first great mystery of our history… SSSSpooky…
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1587 121 COLONISTS LED BY JOHN WHITE GRANDAUGHTER- VIRGINIA DARE IS BORN RETURN TO ENGLAND- LEAVING 115 SPANISH ARMADA RETURNS IN 1590
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CCCCROATOAN CCCCRO
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THE FIRST PERMANENT BRITISH SETTLEMENT JAMESTOWN IN THE VIRGINIA COLONY. WHEN?????????? 1607
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WHY? TO MAKE MONEY THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON WAS A JOINT-STOCK COMPANY THE STOCK HOLDERS PUT UP THE MONEY FOR THE NEW COLONY FOR ONE REASON---- PROFIT!
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Late 1606 VA Co. sends out 3 ships Spring 1607 land at mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Attacked by Indians and move on. May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James River England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”
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Chesapeake Bay Geographic/environmental problems??
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In 1607 104 men and boys arrived in Virginia and sailed up the JAMES RIVER. They were hiding from the Spanish. They settled in a very unsuitable spot…the middle of a swampy area. It had bad water…and…
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http://www.apva.org/history/list.html http://www.apva.org/history/list.html
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Jamestown Settlement, 1607
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When the colonists arrived They immediately started looking for something that would make them rich… GOLD GOLD GOLD GOLD GOLD INSTEAD OF… PLANTING CROPS BUILDING STRONG HOUSES HUNTING GAME
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Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map
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Jamestown Housing
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1606-1607 40 people died on the voyage to the New World. 1609 another ship from England lost its leaders and supplies in a shipwreck off Bermuda. Settlers died by the dozens! “Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves. Game in forests & fish in river uncaught. Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming. The Jamestown Nightmare
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NO GOLD THEY NEVER FOUND GOLD THE COLONY ALMOST DIED OUT- SICKNESS AND STARVATION
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High Mortality Rates The “Starving Time”: 1607: 104 colonists By spring, 1608: 38 survived 1609: 300 more immigrants By spring, 1610: 60 survived 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants 1624 population: 1,200 Adult life expectancy: 40 years Death of children before age 5: 80%
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Captain John Smith: The Right Man for the Job?? There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold…
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SMITH- LAW YOU DON’T WORK---YOU DON’T EAT! IF YOU TRY TO EAT WITHOUT WORKING--- WE WILL HANG YOU!
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PocahontasPocahontas A 1616 engraving Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith
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Chief Powhatan Powhatan Confederacy Powhatan dominated a few dozen small tribes in the James River area when the English arrived. The English called all Indians in the area Powhatans. Powhatan probably saw the English as allies in his struggles to control other Indian tribes in the region.
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Powhatan Indian Village
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Relations between Indians & settlers grew worse. General mistrust because of different cultures & languages. English raided Indian food supplies during the starving times. 1610-1614 First Anglo-Powhatan War De La Warr had orders to make war on the Indians. Raided villages, burned houses, took supplies, burned cornfields. Culture Clash in the Chesapeake
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Jamestown Fort & Settlement (Computer Generated)
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Powhatan Uprising of 1622
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Jamestown Settlement
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John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??
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Tobacco Plant Virginia’s gold and silver. -- John Rolfe, 1612
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TOBACCO-CASH CROP PEOPLE IN JAMESTOWN GREW TOBACCO EVERYWHERE AND ANYWHERE…EVEN DOWN THE MIDDLE OF THE STREETS. THE COLONISTS NOW NEEDED TWO THINGS: MORE LAND LABOR- SOMEONE TO WORK IN THE TOBACCO FIELDS. LABOR- SOMEONE TO WORK IN THE TOBACCO FIELDS.
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Indentured Servitude Headright System: Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid. Indenture Contract: 5-7 years. Promised “freedom dues” [land, £] Forbidden to marry. 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!
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Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement? 1619 1619 1619 1619 1619 1619 1619
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Virginia House of Burgesses FIRST ELECTED LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY- MADE LAWS FOR THE COLONY STILL OPERATING TODAY- GENERAL ASSEMBLY
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ALSO IN 1619 THE FIRST AFRICANS ARRIVED IN JAMESTOWN. THEY WERE BROUGHT BY A DUTCH SHIP. SOME WERE TREATED AS INDENTURED SERVANTS. SOME WERE TREATED AS SLAVES.
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DIFFERENCE INDENTURED SERVANTS WORKED FOR A CERTAIN NUMBER OF YEARS AND THEN WERE GIVEN THEIR FREEDOM… SLAVES WERE KEPT FOR LIFE.
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The “Middle Passage” RUM FROM NEW ENGLAND TO AFRICA SLAVES FROM AFRICA TO CARIBBEAN SUGAR FROM CARIBBEAN ISLANDS TO NEW ENGLAND
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MIDDLE PASSAGE NEW ENGLAND RUM RUM AFRICA AFRICA SLAVES SLAVES CARIBBEAN ISLANDS SUGAR TRIANGLE TRADE
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The Atlantic Slave Trade OF THE 10 MILLION SLAVES TAKEN OUT OF AFRICA- 400,000 WENT TO NORTH AMERICA
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VIRGINIA AND THE OTHER SOUTHERN COLONIES SWITCHED FROM INDENTURED SERVANTS TO ALL SLAVE LABOR IN THE 1680S. WHY? SLAVES WERE MORE EXPENSIVE… BECAUSE OF ALL THE TROUBLE CAUSED BY A GROUP OF EX- INDENTURED SERVANTS…
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NATHANIEL BACON WAS ANGRY WITH THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGINIA COLONY HE LED A GROUP OF HIS NEIGHBORS ON A RAMPAGE!
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Rebels attacked Indians, whether they were friendly or not to whites. Governor Berkeley driven from Jamestown. They burned the capital. Rebels went on a rampage of plundering. Bacon suddenly died of DIARHIA and fever. Berkeley brutally crushed the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels. Bacon’s Rebellion
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FROM THEN ON SOUTHERN COLONIES USED SLAVE LABOR…SLAVES COST MORE…BUT WERE EASIER TO CONTROL!
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VIRGINIA WAS THE FIRST BRITISH COLONY IN 1619, ANOTHER GROUP OF COLONISTS WOULD ARRIVE IN THE NEW WORLD.
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