2.  A biological tool which can be used to view objects that can’t be seen with the naked eye. Objects such as… Cells Tissue Microscopic Organisms Blood Cells Amoeba Mosquito

3.  First visionary aid was invented. Known as a Reading Stone  What do we call these today?

4.  Janssen and Janssen first experimented with multiple lenses in a tube ◦ (First Compound Microscope) Compound Microscope Today

5.  Robert Hooke viewed cork under his microscope. ◦ Called them Cells

6.  Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ◦ “Father of Microbiology” ◦ Created Simple Microscope to view blood, yeast, and insects. ◦ Invented knew methods in lens creation  Magnification up to 270 diameters

7.  Improvements were made to increase magnification and viewing capabilities  1830 - Jackson reduces the spherical abberations on lenses ◦ Reduced Image Blur  1903 – Zsigmondy develops ultramicroscope ◦ Allowed scientists to view objects smaller than wavelength of light (Noble Prize 1925)

8.  Invented by Ernst Rusk ◦ Uses electrons rather than light ◦ Allows for the viewing of objects as small as the diameter of an atom. ◦ Won Ernst Noble Prize in 1953 Rusk’s Electron Microscope (1930’s) Electron Microscope Today

9.  Invented by Binning and Rohrer ◦ Allows for 3D magnification ◦ Total Magnification 100,000,000X  Atomic Level  Birth of Nanoscience ◦ Won Noble Prize 1986 Silicon Atoms Surface of a piece of gold Binning and Rohrer with their STM

10.  In Class ◦ Compound Light Microscope ◦ Stereo Microscope  HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope) ◦ Worlds “Best” Microscope  For Scientific Use  Total Mag = 47,000,000X  AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) ◦ Worlds Most Powerful Microscope  Allows scientists to view individual atoms  Total Mag = >100,000,000X

11. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Compound Microscope Atomic Force Microscope Stereo Microscope