1. The Jeffersonian Era (1801- 1825) Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School U.S. History Fall 2009

2. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas JeffersonVirginia Democratic- Republican 7352.9% Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican 7352.9% John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

3. 1800 Election Results AdamsJefferson

4. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic-Republican1062.5% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic-Republican 425.0% Blank------- 212.5%

5. Election of 1800 Tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr House of Representatives decided the presidency Federalists voted for Jefferson: promised many federalist office holders they could keep their jobs

6. Jefferson An end justifies the means person Owed presidency to Aaron Burr: secure New York’s electoral votes. political crook Elbridge Gerry: Governor of Massachusetts: inventor of gerrymandering (moving district lines to ensure constituency is in majority)

7. Jefferson was full of contradictions Idealist (intellectual puritan) BUT wanted to sample all of life’s luxuries Slavery: had affair with mulatto slaves, but also hated and feared slavery. Did nothing to end slavery. Indebted and borrowed money: Hated the English, but loans were from London

8. “Revolution of 1800” Jefferson thought that Hamilton and Adams had betrayed the original spirit of the republic by their relationship with the British. Changes were abundant in 1801 First inauguration in Washington All Federalist dress style gone (no knee britches, wigs, swords, or silver buckle shoes)

9. Jefferson’s Platform 1. dismantle federal government built up by Hamilton and pay off national debt that made taxation and the National Bank necessary 2. reduce size of military 3. No favoritism in foreign policy (no concessions to the British) 4. free trade and commerce: No tariffs 5. treated Federalist opponents gently

10. March 4, 1801 “We have called by different names brethren of the same principles. We are all Republicans. We are all Federalists.” Thomas Jefferson

11. Jefferson

12. Democratic-Republican positions 1.Farmers 2.Less government 3.States rights

13. Contradictions to “Revolution of 1800” Right to vote under Jefferson decreased: free blacks lost right to vote in many states Democrats/Agriculture: Jefferson wasn’t successful farmer. Not an enemy of small scale manufacturing

14. Jefferson in office 1. repealed Judiciary Act of 1801: expansion of federal judge offices 2. allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire 3. 12 th Amendment: electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice- president 4. did not alter the national bank

15. John Marshall Chief justice of the Supreme Court (1801-1835) Marbury vs.Madison (1803): judicial review: right of the court to declare a law unconstitutional (Judiciary Act 1789 was unconstitutional) Gibbons vs. Ogden: 1824: protected government’s delegated powers under Constitution: right to regulate interstate commerce. Ogden: granted monopoly by NY state Gibbons: received federal permission to use NY waterways Federal government: Gibbons could use waterways

16. McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) State of Maryland tried to tax the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States out of existence. States could not interfere with the ability of Congress to enact legislation that is “necessary and proper” Article I, Section 8, Clause 18. Implied powers Loose construction and national supremacy

17. Foreign Policy 1. Barbary Pirates: North African Islamic private kingdoms who earned “bribes” from foreign countries to leave their ships alone while traveling in the Mediterranean Sea. May 1801: Pasha of Tripoli raised the annual payoff to the United States. Jefferson decides to go to war, which lasts until 1804.

18. Louisiana Purchase Sale of Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million dollars United States doubled in size Jefferson was a strict constructionist. Where was it permissible in the Constitution to acquire land? “The less we say about Constitutional difficulties, the better.” Jefferson

19. Louisiana Purchase United States was as large as Europe Removed the last doubts about western expansion and made it virtually certain that America would double in size again in the next few decades 830,000 sq. miles for 15 million in cash America would be ensured to have enough land for the virtuous and independent farmer

20. Jefferson’s land policies Cut the price of publically owned lands to make land more affordable Reduced the minimum size of land required for purchase Turned a blind eye towards squatting 1803: Ohio admitted as 17 th state

21. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Captain Meriwether Lewis: Jefferson’s private secretary William Clark: Lewis’ associate 48 man “Corps of Discovery” Helped by the Shoshone Indian woman, Sacajawea Where were the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase? What were its contents?

22. Instructions from Jefferson Map the Louisiana Territory Evaluate its soil, climate, and mineral resources Determine whether the Missouri River might run all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Lewis and Clark expedition was the single greatest scientific expedition of the day

23. Zebulon Pike September 1805: led an expedition to locate the source of the Mississippi River 1806: explored the Rocky mountains and Louisiana’s border with area controlled by Spain Discovered Pike’s Peak

24. 1803-1807 British seized over 500 American ships French seized over 300 British comes to blows with the U.S. Navy War against the other’s trade

25. 1807 Chesapeake Affair 1807: British frigate Leopard stopped the U.S.S. Chesapeake and demanded the return British deserters. British ship opened fire, killed 3 Americans and wounding 18 Leopard impressed 4 sailors, 3 U.S. citizens. Result: Embargo 1808

26. Embargo Act 1808 Banned all trade with both France and Great Britain Results were horrendous 1807: exports 108 million dollars to 22 million in 1808 Imports: 138 million to 57 million Shipping dropped dramatically and economic recession took hold of the country.

27. Non-Intercourse Act (1808- 1810) Restored international trade with all but Britain and France It offered to restore trade with either nation if either one would lift its trade restrictions. Didn’t work out either

28. Macon’s Bill #2 Abolished the non-intercourse act and restored all trade If France or England would restore trade with the United States, then the U.S. would trade with them and not trade with the other side. England and France would determine which side would trade with the U.S.

29. Europe’s reactions Napoleon repealed restrictions in 1810. U.S. didn’t trade with England Britain rejected the offer. U.S. tried to force the British to comply England and France viewed the American action as bringing the U.S. into the war on France’s side. Action started America’s entering the war against Britain