1. Democracy and the Age of Jackson

2. Focus Question
What changes did Andrew Jackson represent in American political life?
Jackson encouraged the idea of the common man’s participation in politics
Made elections more inclusive and democratic

3. Classroom Activity Age of Jackson
In pairs or Triad’s Create a visual representation of Andrew Jackson’s Presidency
Timeline of Sec 4 & 5
Flow Chart
Outline.

4. The Controversial Election of 1824
End of the Era of Good Feeling
Republicans compete for the presidency
Sec of State John Quincy Adams
Speaker of House Henry Clay
                                              

5. The Controversial Election of 1824
Sec of War John C. Calhoun
General Andrew Jackson
William H. Crawford
Calhoun backed out in the hope of securing the vice presidency

6. The Controversial Election of 1824
No majority in the electoral college
Adams finished with 84 votes, Jackson 99, Crawford 41 and Clay 37

7. The Controversial Election of 1824
12th Amendment – if no candidate receives a majority
Election decided by the House of Representatives from among the top three candidates

8. The Controversial Election of 1824
Jackson clearly expected to win, figuring that the House would act to confirm his strong showing
However, Clay, as Speaker of the House, used his influence to sway the vote to Adams

9. The Controversial Election of 1824
The Philadelphia Observer charged that Adams had made a secret deal to obtain Clay’s support
Three days later, Adams’s nomination of Clay as secretary of state seemed to confirm the charges of a “corrupt bargain.”

10. The Election of 1828 Jackson won every state in the South and West
Adams won the electoral votes of every state in the North except Pennsylvania and part of New York
The election results were a clear victory for Jackson

11. The Age of Jackson Jackson’s Appeal to the Common Citizen
Jackson claimed he was of humble backgrounds
Jackson was a wealthy plantation owner

12. The Age of Jackson Spoils System
Incoming officials throw out former appointees and replace them with their own friends

13. What does the cartoonist imply?
That Andrew Jackson was corrupt and foolish for rewarding party loyalty with government jobs

14. The Age of Jackson
Favored a rotational system of staffing the government
Gave away huge numbers of jobs to friends and political allies

15. The Indian Crisis
Jackson favored the forcible removal and relocation westward on reservations
Using harassment and bribery, Jackson’s Admin. Forced many of the Indian Nations to march west to present day Oklahoma

16. The Indian Crisis
Occupied massive amounts of land in Georgia, the Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee
Farmers and miners wanted the land of the five civilized tribes

17. The Indian Crisis Indian Removal Act of 1830
Five Civilized Nations: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctaw, & Seminole
Federal government provided funds to negotiate treaties that would force the Native Americans to move west

18. The Indian Crisis
Jackson stated the removal policy was, “not only liberal, but generous,” because it would enable native Americans to maintain their way of life

19. Trail of Tears
Cherokee Nation tried to fight Indian Removal Act through the courts
Chief Justice John Marshall refused to rule on first case brought against Georgia
Cherokee nation had no federal standing
Neither foreign nation or a state

20. Trail of Tears Worcester v. Georgia 1832
Samuel Austin Worcester- missionary
Court recognized Cherokee nation as a distinct political community of people

21. Trail of Tears
SC ruled Georgia was not entitled to regulate lands and remove Indians
Jackson replied by stating
“John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”

22. Analyze: Political Cartoons: “King” Andrew Jackson

23. Trail of Tears
By 1837, the Jackson administration had removed 46,000 Native American people from their land east of the Mississippi
Opening 25 million acres of land to white settlement and to slavery

24. Trail of Tears: Cause, Effect and Justification
Compare the following maps that illustrate the land holdings of the Cherokee people at specific times in history

25. Trail of Tears: Cause, Effect and Justification

26. Focus Question
What major political issues emerged during the 1830s?

27. The Nullification Crisis
1828 Congress passed a high tariff
Know as the Tariff of Abomination
drive up duties to as high as 45% while imposing heavy tariffs on raw materials like wool
Disliked by southerners

28. Calhoun Champions Nullification
John C. Calhoun – South Carolina
Supported the idea that state have the right to nullify or void any federal law deemed unconstitutional
South Carolina nullified the Tariff of 1828
Prohibited the collection of tariff duties
Threatened to secede from the nation
Calhoun resigns the Vice Presidency becomes a Senator
Pres. Jackson rejects South Carolina’s nullification and threatens to force if necessary – Force Bill passed

29. The Bank War Jackson Opposes the Bank of the United States (BUS)
Jacksonian Democrats opposed the national bank because they thought it favored the wealthy.
In 1832, Henry Clay supported a bill for the rechartering of the BUS—four years early
He felt that if Jackson signed it, he’d alienate his followers, and if he vetoed it, he’d lose the supports of the “best people” of the East.

30. The Bank War Jackson vetoed the renewal of the BUS
Declared the bank as unauthorized by the Constitution (despite political foe John Marshall’s ruling that it was okay), and anti-American.
The veto increased the power of the president by ignoring the Supreme Court and aligned the West against the East.

31. The Whig Party Forms
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster form the Whig party in response to Jackson’s policies
Believed in a strong national government
Broad interpretation of the Constitution
Challenged Jacksonian Democrats in local, state and national elections
Election of 1832 Clay ran for Pres.
Jackson won in a landslide

32. Politics After Jackson
Van Buren’s Presidency and the Panic of 1837
The first president to have been born in America
Inherited the depression caused by Jackson’s BUS killing
The panic of 1837 was caused by over speculation and the “Bank War,”
Hundreds of banks fell, including some of Jackson’s “pet banks,” banks that had received the money that Jackson had withdrawn from the BUS to kill it

33. Daily Quiz

34. The practice of rewarding political supporter with government jobs became known as:
spoils system

35. The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of the Cherokee and other Native Americans to:
Oklahoma

36. How did President Jackson react to Georgia’s seizure of Cherokee lands?
He sided with Georgia in defiance of the Supreme Court.

37. Andrew Jackson found his greatest support among
common people.

38. Why did the United States government remove Native Americans from the Southeast in the 1830s?
White Southerners wanted the Native Americans’ valuable land

39. How was the presidential election of 1824 decided
By the House of Representatives

40. Indian Removal A Clash of Diverse Cultures