2. ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE World History

3. STINGER 1.What vocabulary do you need to know in order to understand the map? 2.What is the purpose of the map? 3.What information does the map provide? 4.Identify at least two patterns in the map. 5.Explain why the patterns might exist. 6.How does Alexander’s empire compare to others you have studied? 7.How is Alexanders empire related to modern states?

4. TAKE-AWAYS FROM THE MAP  Alexander combined many previous empires, including that he not only defeated Persia, he annexed Persian lands  Again we see how important Mediterranean access is to dominating politics and trade in ancient empires  Alexander’s path took him further into Asia than one might assume  Rather than tackling Egypt early into his campaign, Alexander leaves Eqypt for last  Alexander’s empire touched 6 seas and must have been a trade powerhouse with a strong and capable navy  Alexander did not have to win many battles in order to conquer large swaths of Asia.  Alexander’s empires included most of the early river valley civilizations

5.  King of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great  Brilliant general and ruthless politician  Built up a professional army using the Greek phalanx  Infighting among Greek city-states for a half- century after the Peloponnesian War  United Greek city-states under his rule  Asked the conquered Greek city-states to join the League of Corinth  Main Goal: Conquer Persia PHILLIP II

6.  Alexander’s Youth  As a child, Alexander studied under Aristotle  Under his father’s leadership, trained for battle  Phillip II assassinated in 336 BC  His son Alexander seized power at the age of 20  With Greek city-states unified under his rule, he set out to conquer Persia  Main Goal: Conquer the known world ALEXANDER COMES TO POWER

7.  Stretched from the Nile to the Indus Rivers  Included Persia, Egypt, Greece, and India  Cultures Blended=Hellenistic  Greatest lasting legacy/accomplishment ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE

8.  Reached Indus River in 327 BC  His army had been fighting for seven years, more than 11,00 miles  His soldiers refused to go any further  On way back to Greece, he became ill  Died from a fever, at age 32  Never “ruled” his great empire DEATH OF ALEXANDER

9.  Divided between his leading generals:  Antigonus- Controlled Macedon  Ptolemy- Egypt  Seleucus- Asia Minor and the Fertile Crescent ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE

10. WATCH THE VIDEO AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgr_p34VLGM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgr_p34VLGM  1. Describe Alexander’s relationship with his father.  2. Describe Alexander’s relationship with his mother.  3. How did Alexander gain power?  4. In what ways was Alexander “great”?  5. In what ways was Alexander a tyrant?  6. How did Alexander’s army defeat Thebes?  7. How did Alexander’s mothers and teacher feed his narcissism?  8. How did Alexander defeat Persia?  9. How did the prophecy of the Gordian Knot play into Alexander’s leadership?  10. How did Alexander conquer Tyre?  11. How did Alexander conquer Egypt?  12. What did Alexander ask the Oracle? Why?  13. Why was Alexander’s army the most powerful of its time?  14. Why did Alexander adopt Persian customs?  15. What evidence exists for the idea that Alexander was a Narcissist?  16. Why did so many people try to kill Alexander?  17. How did Alexander contribute to the downfall of his own empire?  18. Why is he known as Alexander the Great?

11.  Center of Hellenistic culture at Alexandria, Egypt  Greek architecture, statues, etc.  Museum & Library  Over 500,000 papyrus scrolls of literature HELLENISTIC CULTURE

12.  Philosopher- literally means “lover of wisdom”  New philosophies coming out of the Hellenistic world  Stoic philosophy- Established by Zeno  Divine reason directs the world  Every person should accept their fate  Epicurean philosophy- Established by Epicurus  Aim of life to seek pleasure and avoid pain PHILOSOPHY

13.  Euclid  Important to the development of the field of geometry  Wrote Elements  Archimedes  Calculated the value of pi  Levers and pulleys MATHEMATICS & PHYSICS

14.  Aristarchus  Concluded that the earth and other planets revolved around the sun  Eratosthenes  Calculated the distance around the earth ASTRONOMY & GEOGRAPHY

15. EXIT TICKET AND HOMEWORK  Exit Ticket: How did the expansion of Alexander’s empire lead to the spread of Hellenistic culture?  Homework: Read Pages 134- 149