1. Organization levels or hierarchy and span of control The purpose of organizing is to make human cooperative effective The reasons for the levels of organization is the limitations of the span of management Organization levels exists because there is a limit to the number of persons a manager can supervise effectively even though this limit various depending on situations.

2. Organization levels or hierarchy and span of control The relationships between the span of management is associated with few organization levels,narrow span, with many levels The relationships between the span of management is associated with few organization levels,narrow span, with many levels

3. Span of control or span of management or span supervision The number of subordinates reporting to a given manager also called span of control or span of management The number of subordinates reporting to a given manager also called span of control or span of management Span of control refers to the number of people and departments that directly to particular manager Span of control refers to the number of people and departments that directly to particular manager Once work is divided,department created and the span of control chosen Once work is divided,department created and the span of control chosen Managers can decide on a chain of command a plan that specifies who reports to whom.these reporting line are prominent feature of any organization chart Managers can decide on a chain of command a plan that specifies who reports to whom.these reporting line are prominent feature of any organization chart

4. Hieararchy A pattern of multiple levels of an organizational structure,at the top of which is the senior-ranking manager responsible for the operations of the entire organization. Other,lower ranking managers are located down the various levels of the organization A pattern of multiple levels of an organizational structure,at the top of which is the senior-ranking manager responsible for the operations of the entire organization. Other,lower ranking managers are located down the various levels of the organization

5. Principles of span of management Principles of span of management : states that there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manger can effectively supervise,but exact number will depend on the impact of underlying factors Principles of span of management : states that there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manger can effectively supervise,but exact number will depend on the impact of underlying factors

6. Span of control Choosing appropriate soan of control for an organization an organization hierarchy two important reasons Choosing appropriate soan of control for an organization an organization hierarchy two important reasons First: Span can affect what happens to work relationships in one particular department First: Span can affect what happens to work relationships in one particular department The wide span in dept where dozen or more employees are clamoring for their managers feedback, there is potential for frustration as well as errors The wide span in dept where dozen or more employees are clamoring for their managers feedback, there is potential for frustration as well as errors Narrow span is inefficient because managers are underutilized Narrow span is inefficient because managers are underutilized

7. Span of control Second span can affect the spread of decision-making in situations where multiple levels in the organizations hierarchy are necessary involved Second span can affect the spread of decision-making in situations where multiple levels in the organizations hierarchy are necessary involved

8. Narrow span of control Narrow sapn of control create tall hiearchy with many levels between the hieghest and lowest managers Narrow sapn of control create tall hiearchy with many levels between the hieghest and lowest managers In these organizations a long chain of command slows decision making In these organizations a long chain of command slows decision making

9. Wide span of control Wide span of control create flat hierarchies with fewer management level between top and bottom Wide span of control create flat hierarchies with fewer management level between top and bottom