1. AIR SPACE
Airspace and Airports

2. Canada’s Airspace
CANADA’S AIRSPACE
Flight Information Regions
Domestic airspace
Sparsely Settled Areas
Altimeter Regions
Air Defense Identification Zones
High and Low Level Airspace
Classification of Canadian Airspace

3. FLIGHT INFORMATION REGIONS (FIR)

4. CANADA’S AIRSPACE
All airspace over Canadian landmass, Canadian Arctic, Canadian Archipelago, and the High Seas areas within that airspace
Air space is divided
-geographically (horizontally) and
-vertically

5. COMPASS ERRORS all airspace
ANDS
Northerly turning error
sluggish in North quadrant headings
lively in South quadrant
no turning error on West or East headings

6. CANADIAN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE

7. NORTHERN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE
Magnetic North Pole near centre of NDA
Erratic magnetic compass readings
All headings are TRUE
Sparsely settled area

8. SOUTHERN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE
All headings are MAGNETIC

9. Standard Pressure Region 29.92”
ALTIMETER REGIONS
Standard Pressure Region ”
- All airspace above 18,000’
- Altitude is called “Flight Level”
- Northern Canada
Altimeter Setting Region Station pressure
- Southern Canada below 18,000’
- for departure, enroute, arrival

10. ALTIMETER REGIONS

11. DESIGNATED MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

12. AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE ADIZ
PURPOSE
IFR or DVFR flight plan filed with ATC or the Northern Warning System
No deviation from flight plan
Must include estimated time of penetration
Functioning two-way radio required
+20 NM or +5 minutes tolerances
Notify ATC immediately of any changes

13. AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE - ADIZ

14. All airspace above the low level airspace
HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE
All airspace above the low level airspace
LOW LEVEL AIRSPACE
From the ground up to
but not including 18,000’ ASL
or the base of the High Level Airspace

15. HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE

16. HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE

17. LOW LEVEL CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Control Zones
- 3, 5, 7 NM radius
- ground to 3000’ (AGL)
Transition Area
- defined dimensions
- 700’ AGL to base of overlying airspace
- normally 15 NM radius of airport
Terminal Control Area
- around busy airports to facilitate IFR control
- 45 NM radius1200/2200 AGL
Control Area Extension
- around a high volume airport to facilitate IFR control
- dimensions determined by requirements

18. LOW LEVEL AIRWAYS
From 2,200’ AGL up to but not including 18,000’ ASL

19. LOW LEVEL CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

20. AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION
Seven Classifications: A to G
Classification governs flight rules in that airspace
Specific information on a given airspace is supplemented in the VFR Nav Chart and Canada Flight Supplement
Classification is related to:
traffic density, speed, use of airspace

21. Class G Airspace
Uncontrolled airspace
ATC has NO authority or responsibility
ATC may provide an information service
SD Airspace: surface up to 18,000’ ASL or the base of any other class of airspace
ND Airspace: surface up to the base of the high level airspace

22. Class F Airspace
Has defined dimensions
May have periods of validity
May be controlled, uncontrolled, or a combination of both
Special use airspace:
-Advisory (A)
-Restricted (R)

23. Class F Airspace CYA113(A) CY – Canada A – Alert R – Restricted
D – Danger (international waters)
113 – area locator
A – aerobatic F – aircraft test
H – hang gliding M – military ops
P – parachuting S – soaring
T - training

24. Class F Airspace

25. Class F Airspace
Advisory Airspace:
-non-participating pilots should be aware of it
-no specific restriction, however
-encouraged to avoid
-exercise extra vigilance
Restricted Airspace:
-do not enter without permission
Niagara Falls

26. Class E Airspace
Where there is a need for controlled airspace other than A, B, C or D
IFR clx, VFR
Includes all Low Level Airways below 12,500
Includes all airspace above FL600
Can include control zones
Includes control area extensions and transition zones
Control Zones, QA, PQ / LL Airways

27. Class E Airspace

28. Control Area Extension – class E

29. Class E Airspace

30. Class D Airspace IFR - clearance required
VFR - must establish radio comm with ATC prior to entry into class D airspace (must obtain clx prior to entry)
Maintain VFR at all times, maintain separation from other traffic and obstacles
Radio required, comm failure procedures
Must comply with ATC clx and instructions
Reverts to class E if ATC is not available
Tower Control Zones (CYKZ, CYOO, CYTZ)

31. CLASS D

32. Class C Airspace IFR clx, VFR clx Must obtain clx prior to entry
Maintain VFR at all times, maintain separation from other traffic and obstacles
ATC provides separation to IFR and as necessary to VFR aircraft
Radio required, comm failure procedures
Mode C transponder required
Reverts to Class E if ATC is not available
Terminal Control Areas, TRSA, CYYZ Zone

33. CLASS C Zone and TCA

34. Must obtain clx prior to entry ATC provides separation to IFR and CVFR
Class B Airspace
IFR clx, VFR clx (CVFR)
Must obtain clx prior to entry
ATC provides separation to IFR and CVFR
Controlled airspace 12,500’ to 18,000’ on airways and airspace so designated
CVFR – no special endorsements
VFR at all times
Flight plan, radio, Mode C transponder

35. Class B Airspace above the E

36. Low Level Airways
VOR or Victor Airways (V194)
Based at 2200’ AGL
Up to 12,500’ASL = Class E airway
AND
12,500’ to 18,000’ ASL = Class B airway
VFR on airway below 12,500’, not subject to ATC control

37. Class A Airspace
IFR clx, No VFR
18,000’ (NCA FL230, ACA FL280) up to FL600
Require mode C transponder

38. HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE Class A Airspace

39. SPECIAL PURPOSE AIRSPACE
Special purposes airspace
May also designate an airspace for the purposes of:
- protecting an existing structure
- any other surface based activity
May be declared via NOTAM
Air shows, Olympics, prisons, forest fires – 5 NM/3000’ AGL

40. Transponder Airspace

41. IFR & VFR SUMMARY