1. Church History 6 Popes Mark Hagen March 21, 2004

2. Church History 6 Popes “According to the official teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, defined at the First Vatican Council (1870), Jesus Christ established the papacy with the apostle Peter; and the Bishop of Rome as Peter’s successor bears supreme authority (primacy) over the whole church.” Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, p.133

3. Church History 6 Popes Timeline 0 400 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 300 A.D.

4. Church History 6 Popes “There is no evidence that he [Peter] was bishop of Rome or stayed long in the city.” A. F. Walls, Evangelical Dictionary, p.849

5. Church History 6 Popes Timeline 0 400 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 300 A.D.

6. Church History 6 Popes “... as late as 640 the term applied to Desiderius, bishop of Cahors (in southern France). Centuries before then, however, the use of the term papa had begun to be reserved for the bishop of Rome. That stricter usage prevailed at least from the pontificate of Leo the Great (440-61). After the 11th century, the title papa was used exclusively for the bishop of Rome.” Mark A. Noll, Turning Points, p.111

7. Church History 6 Popes “... history indicates that the concept of papal rule of the whole church was established by slow and painful stages.” Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, p.133 in Plain Language, p.133

8. Church History 6 Popes “Up to the time of Constantine [312 AD] history offers no conclusive evidence that the Bishop of Rome exercised jurisdiction outside of Rome. Honor, yes; Jurisdiction, no.” Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, p.134 in Plain Language, p.134

9. Church History 6 Popes “... down to the end of the second century Rome was always considered to be founded by Peter and Paul, a tradition which never wholly disappeared. Singular emphasis upon Peter as the founder and first bishop of Rome first emerged in the third century and became prominent in the later fourth century, especially as articulated by popes who reigned between Damasus (366-84) and Leo (440-61).” J. Van Engen, Ev. Dict., p.846 J. Van Engen, Ev. Dict., p.846

10. Church History 6 Popes “Callistus readmitted penitent members who committed adultery. Then he defended his actions by insisting that the church of Rome was the heir of Peter and the Lord had given keys to Peter to bind and loose the sins of men. This marks the first time a bishop of Rome claimed special authority.” Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, p.74

11. Church History 6 Popes Timeline 0 400 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 300 A.D.

12. Church History 6 Popes “Deprived of the old argument of primacy based on Rome the imperial city, the bishops of Old Rome relied more heavily upon an argument from Scripture and tradition, the primacy of Peter.” Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, p.136

13. Church History 6 Popes Timeline 0 400 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 300 A.D.

14. Pope Leo the Great (440-461)

15. Church History 6 Popes Antedate: to assign to a date prior to that of actual occurrence Websters NCD, 1976

16. Church History 6 Popes Timeline 0 400 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 300 A.D.