1. Pneumonia
By: Larissa and Kyla

2. What is Pneumonia? Inflammation of the lung; an infectious disease
- caused by bacteria or a virus
Pneumonia can target:
an area of a lung
The bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli
It can be prevented with simple interventions and treated with low-cost, low-tech medications and care

3. Statistics
Threatens children, the elderly, and chronically ill of any respiratory condition and people suffering from a viral infection are at a higher risk of contracting pneumonia
- 200,000 to 300,000 Canadians develop pneumonia each year
- more than 900,000 children worldwide in 2013 dies from pneumonia
- the mortality rate is high as 30% in Canada
- mortality rate worldwide: 15% under 5 worldwide and 2% newborns
- children in poor and rural communities are most affected

4. Causes of pneumonia
When germs reach the lungs, the alveoli become inflamed and fill up with fluid
Caused by 30 different factors:
Bacteria
Viruses
Infections (e.g Fungi)
There are 3 forms of pneumonia:
Bacterial
Viral
Mycoplasmas

5. Bacterial Pneumonia It can affect all people of all ages.
The most vulnerable are alcoholics, weakened individuals, people after operation, and people with respiratory diseases and viral infections.
Types of bacterial pneumonia:
Streptococcus pneumonia, Pneumococcus Bacterium
The bacteria multiplies and invades the lungs and causes the alveoli to become inflamed.
Liquids begins to build up in the tissues of the lobe section. The infection then spreads through the body by the bloodstream

6. Symptoms of Bacterial Pneumonia
Fever, chills, chattering teeth
Body’s temp. may rise to 40.5 C
Acute chest pains and coughing that produces greenish/ rust mucus
Sweating, accelerated respiration and pulse
Lips and nail beds may turn to a bluish color due to the lack of oxygen
Confusion or even delirium

7. Viral Pneumonia Half of all pneumonia cases are due to viruses
Viral pneumonia caused by the influenza virus
There are no physical signs of lung tissues filled with fluid.
Cause respiratory infections that mainly affect the upper respiratory tract
Victims of this form of pneumonia are mostly pregnant woman or individuals with cardiovascular conditions and diseases
Symptoms:
Fever, dry coughs, headaches
Muscle pains and weakness

8. Mycoplasma Pneumonia Also known as “Primary Stypical Pneumonia”
Caused by mircoorganisms that are smaller than the bacteria and viruses discovered and identified in WW2
This mild and widespread form of pneumonia occurs in older children and adolescents
Symptoms:
Severe cough attacks
Chills and fever that could lead to nausea and vomiting
Reduced heart rate

9. Technologies/ methods to diagnose
Patient’s medical history
Chest X-Ray
Blood test
Physical examination

10. Treatments available Non- Medical
It can be treated at home with remedies
Pleurisy Root
Garlic
Altering your diet
Medical
Antibiotics (treated for bacterial)
Medicines that ease chest pain and relieve violent coughing
Antiviral drugs to treat viral pneumonia
Types of antibiotics:
Penicillin and macrolide

11. Treatments available (Continued)
Side effects of treatments:
Can have an allergic reactions from antibiotics
Infection, stomach problems, and/or vaginal infections
Person does not have to go to hospital unless :
Older than 65
Health problems
Chest pain
Not able to eat or keep food down, so you need to take fluids
Infants younger than 2 months

12. Outcome after treatment
Is pneumonia curable?
Yes, it can be cured. It is an infection that can be treated with antibiotics and medications.
In most cases, it can be treated at home
Outcome after treatment
Person recovering from mycoplasma pneumonia may be weak for a period of time
For middle-aged people, may be weeks before they regain their usual strength
Viral Pneumonia improves in 1-3 weeks

13. Lifestyle Changes
Stop smoking. it is also known as a lung irritant. It will be difficult to get oxygen in system
Limit alcohol intake. It can lower you immune resistance and it will be difficult to recover.
Take daily dose of prescriptions. If stopped early, lungs may continue to harbor bacteria and causes pneumonia to reoccur

14. Risk Factors Cigarette smoking Infection Difficulty swallowing
Chronic lung disease such as Cystic Fibrosis
Other serious illness such as heart disease and diabetes
Recent surgery/ Trauma
Weak immune system

15. Sleeping in Dentures doubles the Risk of Pneumonia in Elderly
Poor oral health and hygiene are recognized as a major risk factors for pneumonia among the elderly
524 seniors were randomly selected. Amon the 453 denture wearers, 186 who wore dentures were at a higher risk of pneumonia
Wearing dentures at night leads to swallowing difficulties and a higher risk of the incidence of pneumonia which was comparable to cognitive impairment, history of stroke and respiratory disease
They were also likely to have tongue and denture plague and gum inflammation

17. Refrences
11 Home Remedies for Pneumonia - Managed WordPress Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from remedies-for-pneumonia/
Lifestyle Changes to Manage Pneumonia | Lifescript.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from _pneumonia.aspx
Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - American Lung Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from
Understanding Pneumonia - American Lung Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from
WebMD - Better information. Better health. (n.d.). Retrieved from