2. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 The Surface of the Earth: Rocks

3. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

4.  What do you think is under the floor of the classroom?  What do you think is under the building’s pipes and foundations?  What do you think is under the school’s playground? NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

5. Different layers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgnn096PfWQ NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

6.  The surface of the Earth is called the crust  We live on the thin outer layer of the Earth’s surface  It is made up of rocks and soil  It is about 70 km thick under a continent and 10km thick under the sea NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 Crust

7.  The crust also goes under the sea  The deepest part of the sea is the Marianas Trench (South of Japan, near the Marianas Islands)  It is 11 km deep  The sun’s light can not reach it NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

8.  The rock layer under the crust is called the MANTLE  It is sticky, hotter and much thicker than the crust  It is almost 3 000km thick  It is also made up of rocks  Rocks become soft in places  because of the heat. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 Mantle

9. The outer core:  Made up of VERY hot liquid lava  Lava is mostly melted iron and nickel The inner core:  Very hot  A solid ball of mostly iron and nickel NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

10. Soil  Found in the Earth’s crust  Most plants grow in soil  Planets need the minerals in the soil  No soil = no plants = no animals, no humans NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

11. Air  Air has oxygen  All living things need oxygen to live NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

12. Water  Plants use water and the Sun’s energy to make their own food  Without water, all living things would die  Water is a solvent NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

13. Sunlight  The Sun gives the Earth energy  All living things need energy to grow  Plants need the Sun to make their own food  Animals need the Sun because it helps the plants to make food for them to eat NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

15.  Image credit: www.csun.edu/.../ ES300/300earthinterior.jpg  Image credit: Chuck Nice for www.startalkradio.net  Image credit: Sherihan Khedr http://cpaggirl.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.htmlhttp://cpaggirl.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.html  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xLiOFjemWQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xLiOFjemWQ  www.kidsgeo.com www.kidsgeo.com  http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/04/120405-james-cameron-mariana- trench-deepsea-challenger-oceans-science/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/04/120405-james-cameron-mariana- trench-deepsea-challenger-oceans-science/  http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0023-earths-outer-core.php http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0023-earths-outer-core.php  http://www.stress-management-for-peak-performance.com/diaphragmatic- breathing.html (image) http://www.stress-management-for-peak-performance.com/diaphragmatic- breathing.html  www.thetahoetrader.com (image) www.thetahoetrader.com  https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/mr-volk-s-science-website/science- content/ (image) https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/mr-volk-s-science-website/science- content/  www.bhmpics.com www.bhmpics.com  http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/69.asp http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/69.asp  www.thunderboltkids.co.za www.thunderboltkids.co.za  CAPS Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5  Barnard T, Bevan W, Collett H, McKay R, Turley C. 2013. Oxford Successful Natural Science Grade 5 Leaner’s Book. Cape Town: Oxford University Press NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5