1. INTRODUCTION TO RADIO

2.  Radio is a quarter billion dollar business in New Zealand.  Radio’s share of total advertising revenue last year was 12.1% (Australia and U.S. = 11.0%, UK = 9%)  95% of all people over the age of 10 listen to the radio at sometime during each week.  Around 90% of all listeners will hear a commercial radio station each week.  The average time spent listening to the radio is more than 22 hours per week.  The average person listens to two stations: a favourite station and one they “also” listen to.

3. INTRODUCTION TO RADIO  The New Zealand radio industry was deregulated in 1991  There is one radio station for every 10,000 New Zealanders. One for every 20,000 Americans and one for every 45,000 Australians  There are nearly 400 licenced stations in New Zealand, but many of these are actually network affiliates so only about 130 different programmes (products) exist  There are two main commercial networks, Canwest - Mediaworks & TRN. Together they have 201 stations between them  New Zealand radio employs in excess of 4,000 people

4. A BRIEF HISTORY – the TIRI Timeline 1965 David Gapes seeks to establish a private radio station. All stations at the time were Government run. 1966 The Tiri is bought and in November, 1966 Radio Hauraki goes on the air outside NZs then 5 mile territorial limit in the Colville Channel. A close association with Great Barrier Island begins. 1968 January, the Tiri is wrecked at the entrance to Whangaparapara Harbour. The Tiri II replaces her. 1969 Radio gear is obtained in Fiji by Bill Calvert of Radio Hauraki on the 43ft yacht Aqualas. Don Armitage a fellow crewmember on the voyage has a little trouble with Custom Dept on re-entering NZ. 1970 Radio Hauraki is finally given a radio licence and goes ashore at last after 1111 days at sea.

5. THE NETWORKS – THE RADIO NETWORK (TRN) COAST 13AucklandTRN EASY MIX 4AucklandTRN FLAVA 5AucklandTRN NEWSTALK ZB25AucklandTRN RADIO HAURAKI16AucklandTRN RADIO SPORT19AucklandTRN ZM19Wgtn/AkldTRN CLASSIC HITS25Local Breakfast show, then networked from Auckland

6. MediaWorks Radio has a network of 10 unique formats on 190 frequencies throughout New Zealand. SOLID GOLD FM18Auckland THE EDGE16Auckland THE ROCK14Auckland RADIO LIVE21Auckland MAI FM 3Auckland KIWI FM 3Auckland (non profit subsidiary) GEORGE FM 2Auckland THE BREEZE18Local / Auckland MORE FM22Local / Auckland LIVE SPORT31Auckland / TAB THE NETWORKS - MEDIAWORKS

7. OTHER PLAYERS SOUTHERN STAR10Auckland RADIO RHEMA33Auckland CONCERT FM28WellingtonRNZ NATIONAL 25WellingtonRNZ LIFE FM15Auckland NIU FM12Auckland PACIFIC MEDIA NETWORK 531 PI 1 Auckland PACIFIC MEDIA NETWORK IWI STATIONS21Local Iwi INDEPENDANTS23Run by various groups and individuals LPFMtoo many to count!

8. STRUCTURE OF A RADIO STATION

9. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE In essence there are two sides to the business of running a radio station. The production side where the product (Programme) is researched, built, refined and delivered, and the sales side, responsible for obtaining revenue from advertisers through the sale of time or space within that product. The aim of any successful radio station is to attract an audience in large enough numbers to provide effective reach and frequency for advertisers, and to provide a cost effective service to its advertising clients. VS

10. GENERAL MANAGER Overseas all aspects of station operation. He/she is the manager of the business and as such sets audience targets and objectives with the PD and agrees on music direction and promotional & marketing activity. The GM’s main responsibility is to ensure revenue and profit targets are attained and that the business remains viable. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE POSITION DESCRIPTION

11. SALES MANAGER Responsible for managing the sales representative team and getting them to meet agreed budgets. The Sales manager must assist reps individually and motivate the team as a whole. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE

12. PROGRAMME DIRECTOR Responsible for the sound of the radio station and in-charge of all areas of on air performance. Music selection Promotions Imaging Announcers – rosters and training Website content Streaming News (sometimes)

13. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE MUSIC DIRECTOR Sometimes a PD will appoint a senior announcer or other, to take charge of producing daily music logs and to help with research interpretation and music selection

14. ANNOUNCERS They are the “Face” of the radio station and are responsible for daily prep and presentation of on-air shifts. They also: Voice ads Front promotional events May do another job like production / writing Work six days a week RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE

15. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE POSITION DESCRIPTION TANDEM SHOWS Some stations may employ the use of tandem presentation, usually in the weekday breakfast slot. On a small station the breakfast producer or Newsreader / Reporter may be used as the second voice on the show.

16. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE CREATIVE DIRECTOR May work alone but will usually be in charge of a small team of writers. Duties include liaison with clients for copy details and approval, liaison with Reps over scheduling details, brainstorming new ideas or promotional concepts and overseeing the production of commercials.

17. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE COPYWRITER Junior to the Creative Director but has much the same function. Works closely with Sales team and production engineer.

18. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE PRODUCTION ENGINEER Technical producer of all station made commercials and imaging. Must liaise with the creative team re campaign requirements and the PD for any programme related material. On smaller stations the Production engineer may also be part of the copy writing or announcing team.

19. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE PROMOTIONS MANAGER Run all the promotions for the station. The idea is to generate publicity and get people to see the radio station out and about. This role calls for an ideas person with good organizational skills who virtually manages the contest and marketing elements of station activities

20. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE ADMINISTRATION MANAGER (SCHEDULES CLERK / TRAFFIC MANAGER) Responsible for entering commercial schedules, producing daily commercial logs, billing clients, maintaining the debtors register and producing campaign affidavits. At some smaller stations the Admin manager may also be involved in the debt collection process.

21. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE NEWS REPORTERS Reporters cover the news – on a small station there may only be one full or part time reporter. Other stations such as Radio Live, Newstalk ZB and Radio New Zealand employ 20-30 journalists. A lot of radio journalists can end up working in PR or Parliament.

22. RADIO STATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE RECEPTIONIST Answers phone calls, deals with visitors to the station, co- ordinates prizes and winners. On some small stations this person may also by the Schedules Clerk.