1. GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS VS INDEPENDENT LABELS

2. UNIVERSAL Universal Music Group began in 1998 – just after take off of internet 2008 –  UMG partners with MySpace to create MySpace Music  UMG delivers 1 billion video streams on YouTube 2010 –  The Black Eyed Peas become first group to sell over 6 million US digital downloads with “I Gotta Feeling”  VEVO named #1 online music destination by comScore – formed in 2009 by UMG and joined by Sony and EMI  Lady Gaga becomes first artist to have her first 5 singles reach #1  UMG enters into agreement for “American Idol.” 2011 –  Chinese internet provider Baidu signs digital music distribution agreement with UMG 2012 –  UMG completes EMI Recorded Music acquisition, making three big labels rather than four. 2013 –  Universal signed global partnership with Roc Nation Entertainment

3. Controls 39% of the music industry Made $4.56 billion in 2014 – down from the year before Owns film company, music, publishing, animation studios, theme parks, gaming etc Uses synergistic practices - combining two or more divisions to promote artists (technological convergence)  Pharrell Williams – Happy and Despicable Me 2  Ludacris – Fast and Furious 5

4. BEGGAR’S GROUP http://musically.com/tag/beggars-group/ Beggars Music was born in January 2010 to strengthen and expand the Beggars Group’s publishing interests XL, 4AD, Matador, Rough Trade, Stolen Recordings and Young Turks. Sales of Adele's 21 helped increase XL Recordings' bank balance from £3million to £32million in the space of 12 months http://www.ifpi.org/facts-and-stats.php http://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/feb/16/richard-russell-xl-recordings- dizzee-rascal-prodigyhttp://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/feb/16/richard-russell-xl-recordings- dizzee-rascal-prodigy http://www.beggars.com/group/qanda

5. ARTISTS TO STUDY FOR UNIVERSAL Lady Gaga –  Artpop app, Over 31 Million Twitter followers.  Over 53.5 Million Facebook Fans (Likes)  Over 1.7 Million subscribers on YouTube (with over 2 Billion video views).  Breaking a cardinal rule of marketing, her image regularly and radically changes and so her next move is practically impossible to predict.  She continually re-enforces her fans’ sense of identity, self-worth and self-belief – conveying a message that “I’m just like you: you’re just like me”  She gives her fans room to express themselves on the littlemonsters.com website and cross the usual social channels. She appears to censor nothing.  http://www.stream20.com/the-marketing-strategies-of-lady-gaga/#sthash.HCL29l4x.dpuf Madonna – Rebel Heart - She teased by uploading pictures of her recording sessions on herInstagram account. Rebel Heart features guest appearances from boxer Mike Tyson and rappers Nicki Minaj, Nas, and Chance the Rapper. The record had been set for a March 2015 release, with the first single to be released on Valentine's Day. But after a flurry of unexpected album content leaks, the singer released the album for pre-order on iTunes Store on December 20, 2014, with six songs being available for download. The cover art for the deluxe edition of the album became popular, leading to numerous memes being created on Instagram, Tumblr, and Twitter. To promote the album, Madonna made several television appearances and performances, including the 57th Annual Grammy Awards and the 2015 Brit Awards.InstagramMike TysonNicki MinajNasChance the RapperValentine's DayleaksiTunes Store57th Annual Grammy Awards2015 Brit Awards Adele – Skyfall – synergy - http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1155184/business-matters-how- adeles-success-undermines-marketing-guru-seth-godins

6. ARTISTS TO STUDY FOR BEGGARS GROUP Adele- XL - £12 million dividend this year despite releasing her last album more than three years ago. Joint owners Richard Russell and business partner Martin Mills’ Beggars Group have now shared £53 million in dividends from XL since 2011, when Adele’s 21 smashed records to become the best-selling album this millennium. Sales of Adele's 21 helped increase XL Recordings' bank balance from £3million to £32million in the space of 12 monthshttp://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2012/jan/04/adele-success-major-label Thom Yorke – XL – Tomorrow’s Modern Boxes – vinyl and bit torrent release with music video – retro appeal but fitting with technological age. Radiohead – In Rainbows – allowed fans to pay what they thought it was worth – engaging audience with industry. Radiohead owned 100% of digital sales of ‘In Rainbows’ while licensing to XL for physical distribution. Allowed Radiohead to capitalise on larger profit margin for digital sales of ‘Pay What You Want’ campaign. http://pitchfork.com/news/33749-radioheads-in-rainbows-successes-revealed/ Beck, Song Reader – sheet music - Beck began working on the project in 2004 [2] and released it as an "album," rather than a book of sheet music. In 2013 Beck played three concerts with a variety of guests featuring the "Song Reader" material. He released a record of "Song Reader" with other musicians in 2014 and would like to also release a compilation of fan versions. [3] Rolling Stone named it 50th on their list of 50 best albums of 2013 [2] [3]Rolling Stone

7. CROWDFUNDING/KICKSTARTER Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people, typically via the internet. Brian Buchanan from the band Enter the Haggis have used crowdfunding successfully 3 times, in the process raising tens of thousands of dollars, and forming really strong connections with their fans.Enter the Haggis Since their launch in 2009, 5.3 million people have pledged $912 million, funding 53,000 creative projects. Kickstarter is a crowdfunding website for various arts. Creators own 100% of their creations.

8. SBTV * ‘Music and Lifestyle’ media platform with a global reach. * Is built on 3 core services which in their own stand as strong professional offerings. * SB.TV was founded in 2006; Jamal Edwards began filming rap freestyles with a handycam, which he would then upload to his YouTube account. For the first three years Edwards acted alone to provide amateur footage regarding many British grime artists, such as Dizzee Rascal, Wiley, Chipmunk and Tinchy Stryder. * The first SB.TV video being uploaded in February 2007. As the channel began to attract more attention, it also began offering lifestyle interviews and event coverage, and a production team of ten people was established as a result. * SBTV continue to broadcast video whether for music, freestyle, acoustic, interviews or any other categories within youth culture. * All of the company's content is displayed on their YouTube channel. This content is solely produced by SBTV. * Uses social networking extensively to interact with viewers through which new blog and news articles are published. * 6.3 million YouTube views in the past month. * 374,684 subscribers & 195,776,433 views * Partners with Sola, Urban development, Livity, Vinspired, Virgin unite, Signal noise, Oxygen 24, CreativeNerds, and TSOHost.

9. YOUTUBE http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6312376/youtubes-music-streaming-service-launches YouTube was started as an angel-funded enterprise from a makeshift office in a garage. During the summer of 2006, YouTube was one of the fastest growing sites on the Web, [9] uploading more than 65,000 new videos and delivering 100 million video views per day in July.Web [9] The website averaged nearly 20 million visitors per month, according to Nielsen/NetRatings, where around 44% were female, 56% male, and the 12- to 17-year-old age group was dominant. According to the website Hitwise.com, YouTube commanded up to 64% of the UK online video market. On October 9, 2006, it was announced that the company would be purchased by Google for US$1.65 billion in stock in an attempt to escape the threat of copyright-infringement lawsuits.Googlecopyright It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000bandwidth Originating in 2007, the YouTube Awards are annual awards given out in recognition of the best YouTube videos of the preceding year as voted by the YouTube communityYouTube Awards In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service, [34] which is currently available only to users in the US, Canada and the UK. [35][36] The service offers over 6,000 films [34] [35][36]