1. Chemistry 2202 VSEPR Theory Research Project By: Johnny McDude

2. Introduction This project involves a webquest research on a simple molecule in which VSEPR Theory is the focused material.This project involves a webquest research on a simple molecule in which VSEPR Theory is the focused material. The geometrical shape and name, physical properties, and applications to the real world will be discussed.The geometrical shape and name, physical properties, and applications to the real world will be discussed.

3. Molecule - VSEPR Molecule chosen: Chloroform or trichloromethane (CHCl 3 ) Chloroform adopts the tetrahedral geometry and can be drawn with wedge and dash notation.

4. Chloroform – VSEPR Chloroform, as shown on the previous slide, has four bonding pairs and no lone pairs on the central atom.Chloroform, as shown on the previous slide, has four bonding pairs and no lone pairs on the central atom. This arrangement causes the tetrahedral shape due to repulsion of the bonding pairs to efficiently space out and obtain the lowest energy.This arrangement causes the tetrahedral shape due to repulsion of the bonding pairs to efficiently space out and obtain the lowest energy.

5. Chloroform - Properties Melting point: -63.7 o CMelting point: -63.7 o C Boiling point: 61.7 o CBoiling point: 61.7 o C Density: 1.50 g/mlDensity: 1.50 g/ml Molecular Weight: 119.38 g/molMolecular Weight: 119.38 g/mol Appearance: clear-colorless liquidAppearance: clear-colorless liquid Odour: Sweet-pleasantOdour: Sweet-pleasant Solubility in water: slightlySolubility in water: slightly Polar compound (from electronegative chlorine atoms)Polar compound (from electronegative chlorine atoms)

6. Chloroform - MSDS CAS #: 67-66-3CAS #: 67-66-3 Slightly irritating for skin and eyes (flush with water immediately)Slightly irritating for skin and eyes (flush with water immediately) Can be slightly hazardous with prolonged skin contact (permeator)Can be slightly hazardous with prolonged skin contact (permeator) Can be dangerous if adequate ventilation is not given. Unconsciousness or death may result if over exposed.Can be dangerous if adequate ventilation is not given. Unconsciousness or death may result if over exposed. Carcinogenic and mutagenicCarcinogenic and mutagenic More information can be found on the MSDS sheetMore information can be found on the MSDS sheet

7. Chloroform – Interesting Facts In the mid 1800’s, chloroform was used as an anesthetic for surgeries and childbirth.In the mid 1800’s, chloroform was used as an anesthetic for surgeries and childbirth. It is used in the production of the refrigerant R-22.It is used in the production of the refrigerant R-22. Used in a fictional sense to knock out an unsuspecting victim.Used in a fictional sense to knock out an unsuspecting victim.

8. Chloroform – More uses A common solvent because of its low reactivity and it is miscible with most organic liquids. It is also used as a reagent in reactions.A common solvent because of its low reactivity and it is miscible with most organic liquids. It is also used as a reagent in reactions. Deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) is used in NMR spectroscopy as a reference solvent.Deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) is used in NMR spectroscopy as a reference solvent.

9. Conclusion Chloroform’s geometry is tetrahedral with four bonding pairs on the central atom. Wedge and dash are used to show 3-D on a 2-D surface.Chloroform’s geometry is tetrahedral with four bonding pairs on the central atom. Wedge and dash are used to show 3-D on a 2-D surface. Its past is very interesting and it is a common solvent and reagent in the industrial world.Its past is very interesting and it is a common solvent and reagent in the industrial world.

10. Bonus Section - Ethanol