1. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 1 EUROAIRNET *Goal-European network with sufficient spatial coverage and representativeness and quality -Efficient and early data reporting *Stages1)Exposure assessment on European scale based upon monitoring alone 2)Assessment from a combination of monitoring and modeling 3)To support assessment of effects, and cost- effective abatement Goal/Objectives/Stages

2. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 2 EUROAIRNET Goal/Objectives/Stages *Stage 1 objectives *General description of European AQ *Comparison of networks and AQ between cities and areas *Estimation of exposure of population, materials and ecosystems

3. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 3 EUROAIRNET Development and Implementation 1996 - 2001 1.Definition (goal, objectives) 1996 2.Criteria development 1996-1998 3.Visits to NRCs 1996 - 2000  4.Station selection 1997 - 2000  5.Evaluation process 1999  6.Data reporting to AIRBASE 1997 - 2000 

4. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 4 Criteria for design of EUROAIRNET Important criteria:  Selection of areas to be monitored  Classification of monitoring sites  Selection of compounds  QA/QC

5. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 5 EUROAIRNET Criteria Assessment of Population Exposure Criteria for selection of areas/ existing stations to be fulfilled by each state as far as possible Type of areaCriteria Area selectionStation selection Cities/ Agglomerations Total pop:  170mill >0.5 mill (~75) All cities 0.25-0.5 mill (~100) At least 25% of the cities 0.05-0.25 mill (~1000) At least 10% of the cities Rural areas Total pop: ~260 mill Industrial areas outside cities All areas with air pollution above the WHO AQ Guidelines All existing monitoring stations in these areas. All stations,  20 stations Include cities with high/ medium/low industrialization Monitoring needs and area/ station selection to be done by each country.  50% of rural population should be covered. Include cities with high/ medium/low industrialization

6. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 6 EUROAIRNET Criteria Material Exposure Assessment Selection of areas and stations General: *Concentrate on urban areas *Monuments/historical buildings also in towns/industrial/rural areas Selection criteria: Type of areaArea selectionStation selection Urban areas >0.5 mill. At least 10% of the cities At least three stations in the selected area representing high urban pollution, traffic and average urban background. Industrial areas At least 5% of the areasAt least two stations in the selected area representing high and medium level of pollution. Rural areas Areas with different climatic conditions One station in each of the different climatic areas of the state.

7. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 7 EUROAIRNET Status – 2000 Station Classification Scheme: Modified EoI Level 1Level 2Level 3 AREA TYPESTATION TYPEMETA DATA URBANBackground Traffic Industrial Same as in existing EoI In addition: Monitoring objective NUTS level IV European Station CODE City population Representativeness area Traffic data (for T-stations Industries (for I-stations) Rural stations - Near city - Regional - Remote SUBURBANBackground Traffic Industrial RURALBackground Traffic Industrial

8. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 8 EUROAIRNET status/improvements – 2000 Station Classification Scheme: Additional meta-data for stations (Level 3), necessary to provide a basis for comparison between stations Traffic Stations Distance from the kerb Width of street/road (between kerbs) Lenght between building facades (only for street canyons) Height of building facades (average over both sides of street, in the general area of the station) Traffic volume (total both directions, annual daily average, AADT) Traffic speed (typical, day-time) Heavy duty fraction of traffic (daily average over the year) Industrial Stations Type of industry (ies) Distance (lenght) to source/source area Direction sector to source/source area Rural Background Stations Distance to nearest built-up area or major source area

9. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 9 EUROAIRNET Criteria Compounds Population exposure Ecosystems exposure Materials exposure Priority 1 SO 2, NO 2, NO x, O 3, CO, Benzene, PM 10, PM 2,5, Pb SO 2, SO 4 --, O 3, NO 2, NO x (aa), Precip. Ions SO 2, O 3, NO 2, Temp., Rel.hum. Precip (mm, pH) Materials: weight loss, steel Priority 2 PAH, HM, SPM, BS VOC, NOx (1h)HNO 3 Precip. Ions Soiling (PM, SO 4 -- ) Materials: weight loss, zinc

10. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 10 EUROAIRNET - QA/QC Criteria  Classification of QA/QC procedures  Data Quality Objectives (DQO)  Methods  Documented QA/QC plans

11. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 11 QA/QC criteria for classification and the selection of stations accepted to be included in the EUROAIRNET Criteria Type of network/stationType of QC/QC procedure Levels National Network Local Network or Affiliated Station Accredited central laboratory & complete QA/QC plan Central laboratory & complete QA/QC plan Minimum documented QA/QC plan No documented QA/QC plan 1  2a  b  3  4  or  5 

12. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 12 A summary of DQOs for EUROAIRNET Data Quality Objectives Monitoring objectiveAccuracyPrecisionData completenessRepresentative- TemporalSpatialness (spatial)  10% <2 ppb>90%1)1), 2) Trend detection3)>90%1)1), 2) 1) The DQOs are set for station-by-station comparison (for same station class) and for trend detection at any one station. In the case of comparisons of e.g. cities or larger entities, or trend assessment for larger areas, the requirements to spatial coverage and representativity would be strict, and to quantify those requires more analysis. 2) To be eligible for comparison with a station of the same class in another location (city, country), representativeness criteria should be complied with, as described on page 37-39. 3) To detect a trend with a certain accuracy, the combined accuracy and precision of the measurement must be considerably better than the expected trend (expressed as relative change) (see page 39).

13. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 13 EUROAIRNET RURAL STATIONS Representativeness Areas (ranges of radius) as given by networks Regional kmRemote kmIndividually assessed? Belgium5 – 30Yes Czech Rep.10 – 40200Partly Estonia25Yes Finland1025Yes Germany5 –50Yes Iceland5Yes Ireland50 – 100100Partly Latvia40Yes Lithuania25Yes Luxembourg20Yes Poland10 - 100Yes Slovak Rep.10-25Partly Spain25 - 150200 – 500Mostly

14. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 14 Selected Cities and Areas for EUROAIRNET (per September 1999) November 2000 OVERVIEW Cities/aggl.>25,000355411 Class 16366 Class 25760 Class 3198236 Class 43749 Industrial areas outside cities46113 Small towns1640 Rural areas 219280 Sum, areas 636847

15. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 15 EUROAIRNET Status – November 2000 Per Dec. 1999Per Nov. 2000 Cities/agglomerations915945 Small towns2840 Industrial areas96216 Rural areas231296______ 12751497______ Overview of selected stations

16. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 16 EUROAIRNET Station Selection Status April 1999 Compound coverage

17. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 17 MAPS, EUROAIRNET Stations

18. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 18

19. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 19

20. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 20 EUROAIRNET Status – 2000 Population covered by EUROAIRNET selection Total population, millions Population covered Inhabitants per station Cities/agglomerations  170  65%  100 000 Rural areas  260 ?  1 million Industrial areas???

21. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 21 Evaluation/Acceptance Process of EUROAIRNET Selection 1.Station selection 1997 - 1999. 2.Evaluation by ETC-AQ June - August 1999 3.Re-evaluation by NRC August - November 1999 4.Finalization of 1st Stage EUROAIRNET

22. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 22 EoI Data in AIRBASE 199719981999 SO 2 9371098929 NO 2 8651075985 PM 10 145237235 TSP493645491 CO206465610 O 3 641837739 Number of annual time series

23. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 23 MAPS, EoI Data

24. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 24 EVALUATION of EUROAIRNET Selection RURAL AREAS *All countries should make selection (10 countries have not selected so far) *Countries should confirm that their selection fulfils the criteria: *at least 50% of the rural population should be represented by the stations selected *the selection should give a representative picture of the exposure of ecosystems in the country

25. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 25 Compounds measured at Rural EuroAirNet Stations (2000) Stations representing Ecosystems exposure Population exposure SO 2 181143 NO 2 181138 PM 10 29 O3O3 209163 SO 4 -- aerosol51 Precip. Ions76

26. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 26 Rural Stations/Data in AIRBASE Measurement Methods MonitorsChemical methods SO 2 19043 NO 2 20521 O3O3 282- PM 10 391

27. S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 27 Rural maps