1. The Future of Public Personnel International University of Japan Instructor: Sangyub Ryu Public Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu

2. Civil Service Reform SPSAPublic Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu Continuing Civil Service Reform - Business-like reform - Decentralization of authority and accountability - Reduction of bureaucratic structures - Contracting-out or privatization of public service - Constant change in HRM - Ideological reason - Political reason - Technical reason

3. Workforce Planning and Human Resource Development SPSAPublic Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu Strategic Human Resource Management - Anticipating the supply-demand chain - Investing the training and development of workforces Positions vs. Careers - Specific skill, ability, and knowledge (Positions) - Difficult to develop career planning and development system - Changing the environment  Career development - Set a predictable series of different jobs and responsibilities - Provide training and development programs

4. Workforce Planning & Human Resource Development SPSAPublic Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu Cost-Effective Human Resource Development - Training and Development - To develop competent personnel to perform current or future jobs - Organization Development - To develop social-psychological relationship among work groups to improve the overall performances of organizations - Career Development - To Coordinate individual career planning and organizations career management to enhance the person-organization fit

5. The Employment Relationship SPSAPublic Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu Consequences of Privatization - Defensive public employee union - Collective bargaining and high labor cost - Private contractor without unionized workers - Loss of public employee jobs - Accountability Issues - Public services provided by private contractors Part-time Employees - Cost-efficient labors - Fewer salary, no insurance

6. Diversity in Public Organizations SPSAPublic Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu Diversity Issue in Your Country? Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in American Context Public Workforce in American History 1960s Homogeneous: while males 1970s Weak voices calling for diversity in public organization Mainly black/white dynamic Narrow concept of diversity 1980s and 1990s Diversity actively sought Attention given to women and other minorities 2000s African-American President

7. Diversity in Public Organizations SPSAPublic Human Resource Management International University of Japan Sangyub Ryu What’s Next? Globalization, immigration, homosexual/interracial couples, religion, language, region, educational background.... Continuous efforts needed