1. Formation of Western Europe The High Middle Ages 1100 A.D. – 1500 A.D.
Chapter 14

2. I. Church Reform and the Crusades
Catholic Church Reforms
Pope & Monks at Cluny fight corruption
Religious schools built
Franciscan & Dominican Orders
Gothic Cathedrals & Art
Evidence of Church’s wealth

3. The Crusades
4 to 8 Religious holy wars between Christians and Muslims (1096 – 1492)
Pope wants to reunite Christianity
Knights go for Gold, Glory, & God
Goal is to take Holy Land from Muslims
Reconquista: Christian Kingdoms drive Muslims out of Spain (1100 & 1492)
Inquisition: Church in Spain persecutes suspected Jews.

4. Effect of the Crusades Europe emerges from Dark Ages
Muslim science brought to Europe
Ancient Texts rediscovered by West
Italian Cities get rich from trade
European kings gain power
Constantinople weakened (1204)
Muslims embittered.

5. Europe, 1142

6. Siege of Antioch, First Crusade

7. II. Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
Population Grows: Warmer weather, horsepower, three-field system
Trade & Finance Expand: Crusades encouraged trade & travel
Guilds: Artisans form unions
Banking prospers (Jews)
Towns & cities Grow
Universities: -Vernacular literature
-Thomas Aquinas fuses Aristotle w/ Christianity

8. III. England & France Develop
England Absorbs Invasions Vikings & English blend, Normans conquer in 1066
Feudalism introduced by William I
English Govt.: becomes more democratic
Jury trials
Magna Carta (1215) limits the King
Parliament (becomes legislature later)
France: becomes more absolutist
Capetian Dynasty unites France
Estates-General (becomes legislature later)

9. 1300s – 1400s = Age of Crisis
A. The Great Schism – Catholic Church divided in 1300’s, two popes, reunited under one pope in 1417
B. The Black Plague, 25 million people dead in Europe
C. The Hundred Years’ War – England vs. France ( ), 1429 – Joan of Arc, peasant girl helps France win war, Eng & Fra become nations.
D. Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks in 1453

10. Priest Blesses Victims of the Plague

11. Joan of Arc

12. Europe, 1328

13. Europe, 1430’s

14. Europe, 1470’s