1. by: Nicolle Strong, Sonia Jolly, Kayla King, and Amy Tran
Ch. 29
The World Between the Wars: Revolution, Depression, and Authoritarian Response
by: Nicolle Strong, Sonia Jolly,
Kayla King, and Amy Tran

2. Bouncing Back? Post war Challenges in Europe New Attitudes
Democratic Republic in Germany
cubist movement→ led by Picasso,
geometrical shapes
challenges styles and tradition
Economies did not recover
Western Europe faced political extremism

3. Other Industrial Centers
WWI: loyal participation rewards
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
U.S. economic and popular culture advances
Rejection of Versailles treaty
Isolation and communism
Japan enters industrial phase

4. New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism
Benito Mussolini
formed “union of struggle”
Fascist regime
Authoritarianism- Authoritarian regimes
Western style parliaments- unable to maintain them
1920s: Collapse of Agricultural Prices
Dependence on sales to Western Europe
refusal to land reform
aristocratic estate owners→ repress peasant movement→ brought support of Auth. Reg.’s

5. Mexican Revolution Causes internal forces WWI
Porfirio Díaz- economic prosperity
Expenses
foreigners owned sectors
hacienda system dominated
corrupt political system
dependent on exports
Francisco Madero- ran against Díaz
Democratic political reforms
Arrested

6. Mexican Revolution cont.
Pancho Villa- led a general rebellion
Peasant-based guerrilla movement- Emiliano Zapata
Díaz kicked out→ Madero reforms failed→ Zapata rose in revolt→ Madero slowly lost control
Victoriano Huerta- díaz type dictatorship
kicked out of power→ led to a time of war
Alvaro Obregón
Mexican constitution of 1917
limited foreign ownership
rights of workers
land and education reforms

7. Culture and Politics in Post-Revolutionary Mexico
Attempts to “indianize”
Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco
muralist movement
pro-marxist artists
Cristeros fought against secularization→ backed by the church
U.S. intervened
Party of the Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)

8. Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism
War and food shortages
Formation of the Soviet- council or workers
took over city government
Rev. aimed at liberal goals
wanted stronger gov't→ social change
2nd Rev.:Power of the Radicals
Social Democratic Party- Lenin & Communist
Lenin & Bolsheviks
Communist Revolt
Lenin called to power

9. Reactions to Communism in Russia
Foreign hostility and domestic resistance
Abandonment of Russian debts
Intervention of other countries: U.S., Japan, France, and Britain
Internal civil war from
Redistribution of land to peasants and state takeover industry
Famine and more unemployment

10. Stabilization of Russia’s Communist Regime: Restoration of Order
Leon Trotsky create Red Army→ recruited generals & loyal conscripts
New economic policy & freedom for small business owners and peasant laborers
New capital at Moscow
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics→ decline nationalistic protests
Supreme Soviet→ established authoritarian system

11. Soviet Experimentation
Fear of losing tight organization and elite status→ encouraged supplementary organization
Spread of government promoted education
New type of education toward communist beliefs
Rivalry among leaders
Joseph Stalin named leader of the Soviet State

12. Reaching Rev. In China Puyi renunciation→symbol for the end of chaos
Power based on region
Alliance of military commanders
Merchants and bankers
Intellectuals had no power
Secret societies→want Chinese monarchy
Western powers=Japan

13. May 4th Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Theories
Sun Yut-sen led revolutionary alliance→claimed to have “mandate of heaven”
no support outside trading centers
elected president in 1911→ setup Euro-style parliament
Yuan Shikai
assassination to put down opposition
overturned
neglect Jap threats
After WWI, Japan strengthen hold on N. China
May 4th Movement
Marxism in China with few adjustments
Li Dazhao-reworked Marxism
Secret meetings to discuss desires → birth of communist China

14. Guomindang in China Nationalist Party in China
Sun Yat-sen: leader from
united political organizations
Nationalist Ideology
strong central government
Allied with Communists, Soviet Russia, and Bolsheviks
1924: Whampoa Military Academy
Chiang Kai-Shek
Economic decline

15. Mao and the Peasant Option
1925: Sun-Yat sen dies; Chiang Kai-shek takes control
Becomes head of warlord hierarchy
1927: Chiang attacks communists
Mao Zedong: becomes leader of communist party
Long March (1934)
1930: Japanese Invasions

16. The Great Depression: Cause and Effects
Post-war inflation→low prices→low earnings
Farmers experienced overproduction of food
Hard to pay off debt
Population increase
Limited government support
1929: New York stock market crashed
Bank failures→investments fell→industrial production fell
high unemployment and low wages
Social tension
Global effects

17. European and American Response
Western governments reacted counterproductively
More political polarization
Led to weak or overthrown parliament
France, Scandinavian States, Britain
The New Deal ( )
President Roosevelt
unemployed workers given jobs on public works projects
Social Security System

18. The Authoritarian Response: The Rise of Nazism
Impact of WWI and Depression created new fascist regime
proposed strong, unified state and revival of nation’s forces with foreign and military power
Adolf Hitler: created Nationalist Socialist (Nazi) regime in Germany (1933)
Attacked Jewish influence→ Holocaust
Constructed a totalitarian state

19. The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War
Fascist movements emerged in Hungary, Romania, Austria
Italian fascist movement: (1920s) led by Benito Mussolini
promised aggressive foreign policy and nationalist glories
Spanish Civil War (1936)
General Francisco Franco led military; backed by fascist party (Falange)
1939: Authoritarian/Fascist regime created

20. Political Changes in Latin America
Limitation of liberalism became apparent
ideas of reform and change
Mexican President: Lázaro Cárdenas ( )
adjusting the the interest of different groups
Brazilian President: Getúlio Vargas ( )
promised liberal reforms
Argentina: Colonel Juan D Perón ( )
had fascist sympathies

21. The Militarization of Japan
As political divisions increased a variety of nationalist groups emerged
1932: army officials murdered the prime minister
1936: another attempt of a military coup
Wars broke out between Japan and China: 1937

22. Effects in Japan… Depression for Japan in 1930’s
government quickly responded
Full turn industrialization after 1931
economy grew very rapidly
initiated a series of new industrial policies designed to stabilize the labor force and prevent social unrest

23. Stalinism: Soviet Union and Economic Policies
Stalin devoted himself to a double task:
1. The make Soviet Union a fully industrial society
2. To have full control of the state
Economic outcome:
Industrialization required resources taken from peasants
Labor force went up
Came up with a 5 year plan

24. Key Concepts 6.2: Global conflicts and Their Consequences
I. C. Som clonisachived independence through armed struggle
II. A. Nationalist leaders in Asia & Afr. challenged imperial rule
B. Redistribution on land and resources developed in Afr., Asia, and L.A., sometimes advocating communism and socialism
III. B. Former imperialist maintained econ. and cultural ties, even after the dissolution of empires
IV. A. Gov’t used art,media, and speeches to intensify nationalist movements
B. Sources of global conflict: nationalist ideologies,the economic crisis engendered by the G.D.
V. A. to bring political change, some goups challenged war and some practiced nonviolence
B. Groups opposed and promoted alt. to the existing econ, political, & social orders
D. More movements used violence against civilians to achieve political aims
E. Global conflicts impacted popular culture
6.3: New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture
I. A. In the Communist states of the Soviet Union and China, governments controlled their national economies.
B. With the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more active role in economic life.
C. In newly independent states, governments guided economic life to promote development.
IV. B. Widespread diffusion of music and film.