1. Ch-14 Blood

2. Blood is a connective tissue formed primarily in the bone marrow.
Functions:
Transport nutrients, oxygen, waste and hormones.
Distributes heat.
Promotes homeostasis.
An average adult has about 5 liters of blood in the body. It accounts for 8% body weight.

3. Blood Composition
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

4. 1. Plasma Composition: 92% water, wastes, salts and proteins.
Albumins- maintain osmotic blood pressure.
Globulins- transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins.
Fibrogens- aids in blood coagulation.

5. 2. Platelets Cell fragments that help with
blood clotting, or thrombus.
Hemostasis- coagulation of blood.
Proteins repair the holes in the vessels.
Lack of platelets = hemophilia
Life span = 12 days

6. Hemostasis= stoppage of blood
Blood vessel spasms and contracts.
5. Blood clot forms and surface forms a scab.

7. 3. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
Carry oxygen to the lungs and tissues via hemoglobin. (O2 = scarlet red color.)
Constantly produced within red bone marrow.
Life span ~120days
Lack nuclei
Flexible to fit through
capillaries.
Lack of rbc’s = anemia.

8. 4. White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
Primary cells of the immune system that produce antibodies.
Normal count 5,000 – 10,000 (mL)
leukopenia
low WBC count
flu, measles, chicken pox, & AIDS
leukocytosis
high WBC count
acute infections, vigorous exercise, great loss of body fluids and leukemia (cancer of white blood cells.)

9. Types of WBC’s Neutrophils: (54%-62% of all leukocytes)
General phagocytosis; acute bacterial infections.
First to arrive at infections

10. 2. Basophils: (less than 1% of leukocytes)
Cause inflammatory reactions:
- release histamine (inflammation)
-Heparin- natural anticoagulant to keep blood flowing.

11. 3. Eosinophils: (1-3% of all leukocytes)
moderate allergic reactions
defend against parasitic worm infestations

12. 4. Monocytes: (3-9% of all leukocytes)
leave bloodstream to become macrophages, which digest bacteria and dead cells.
elevated in typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis

13. 5. Lymphocytes: (25-33% of all leukocytes)
Important in immunity due to T and B Cells.
Produce antibodies
Decreased T Cells in
AIDS patients.

14. Diapadesis
How leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls to leave the blood vessels and enter infected tissues.

15. Blood Typing Proteins called antigens coat the outside of the
red blood cells.
4 Types: A B AB
O= no coating

16. O= universal donor
AB = universal recipient
O+ most common blood type
AB- most rare blood type
Blood Typing Game

17. Blood Typing con’t Rh Blood Group – discovered in rhesus monkeys.
- agglutinogen D protein coating = (+)
- NO agglutinogen D coating = (-)
- causes concern for transplants and transfusions and some pregnancies.

18. Example: An Rh- mother pregnant with a Rh+ baby leads to miscarriage or erythroblastosis fetalis if not treated with a Rhogam serum.

19. The end!

20. Blood Doping
Blood Doping
Stop at nothing