1. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Session 1.2. WFP Conceptual Framework: Food and Nutrition Security

2. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 2 Learning objectives After this session, participants should be able to : 1.Describe key concepts of WFP Conceptual Framework of Food and Nutrition Security 2.Adapt and apply the Conceptual Framework to identify key factors that affect food security and nutrition in a given context

3. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Where are we? 3 EFSA Process Adapt conceptual framework & objectives Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources Collect, review secondary data Collect primary data Conduct situation analysis Conduct forecast analysis Analyse response options Make response recommendations Prepare report

4. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 4 Conceptual Framework  Informs selection of indicators for analysis & use in targeting  Guides design of data collection & analysis  Considers food availability, access & utilisation as core determinants of FS

5. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 5 Conceptual Framework Provides:  basis for developing initial hypotheses on emergency  way to visualise relationships among factors affecting F&NS

6. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 6 Main objectives of an EFSA To determine risks for the population…  life-threatening risks, e.g., malnutrition, disease  risks to livelihoods, e.g., loss of assets that endanger present, future livelihoods … and what to do about them

7. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 7 Specific objectives of EFSA To identify:  who is food insecure and/or malnourished, and how severe is food insecurity: whose lives or livelihoods are at risk  main causes of food insecurity & malnutrition including chronic/transitory issues  need for, and type of, interventions to address food insecurity and malnutrition to save lives & protect/strengthen livelihoods

8. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 8 WFP Food and Nutrition Security Conceptual Framework: Key concepts Livelihoods Food security Nutrition security

9. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 9 1 - Livelihoods livelihoods approach examines: impact of shock on human, financial, social, physical, & natural, assets impact of policies, institutions, other processes strategies the affected are using to survive … tries to determine likely outcomes for the affected: changes in vulnerability, food / nutrition security status, etc.

10. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 10 Example of household livelihood analysis Livelihood strategies  HH use strong social assets to get loans  rent land; buy tools & agric. inputs  HH use human assets to farm & to offset low financial, natural assets Policy, Institutions, Processes fertilizer subsidy available strong agricultural extension service strong trust between community leader & HH head HH asset profile H: healthy members of working age; good agricultural skills S: well connected in community F: little cash P: few productive assets N: no land Vulnerability context increasingly dry and arid conditions low rainfall Increasing soil erosion

11. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 11 How are livelihoods affected? Resilience Vulnerability Extent to which households can withstand shock

12. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 12 2 - Food security Availability Access Utilisation …when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs, and food preferences for an active and healthy life…

13. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 13 3 - Nutrition security Food security Health Caring practices Acute malnutrition: clear sign of risk to life Chronic malnutrition: long-term problems related to food, health and care

14. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 14 UNICEF Conceptual Framework of malnutrition Outcomes Immediate causes Underlying causes at household level Basic causes at societal level

15. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 15 WFP Conceptual Framework of Food and Nutrition Security

16. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 16 Conceptual Framework: levels of analysis (1) Basic causes: structural factors that establish the context in which malnutrition and food insecurity exist

17. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 17 Underlying causes: characteristics of individual households that make them more, or less, susceptible to malnutrition and food insecurity Conceptual Framework: levels of analysis (2)

18. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 18 Conceptual Framework: levels of analysis (3) Immediate causes: factors that can lead directly to malnutrition and death

19. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 19 Conceptual Framework: levels of analysis (4) Outcomes: malnutrition and excess mortality arising from failure to resolve problems at other levels

20. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 20 Adapting the Conceptual Framework Why?  The relative significance of each framework element depends on region & country, nature of crisis, & affected groups  Adapting it to local context allows formulation of initial hypotheses on probable local effects of crisis

21. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 21 Review secondary info & discussions with key informants Identify factors most likely to affect FS&N in current context Identify possible linkages among factors affecting food & nutrition security Adapting the Framework: How? initial hypotheses definition of information requirements & selection of assessment methodology guide form basis for

22. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme 22 Exercise 1.1. Adapt the Conceptual Framework Use Worksheet for each Working Group 45 min + 60 min debriefing

23. Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Wrap-up The Framework:  Provides basis for development of initial emergency hypotheses, causes & effects  Helps to visualize relationships between factors affecting food & nutrition security  Guides data collection & analysis 23