1. Derived Nouns and Adjectives Georgia Center for Language

2. Overview Outline Part I Part I Verbal Nouns Active Participles Passive Participles Nouns of Place and Time Part II Part II Nouns of Instance Nouns of Intensity and Profession Nouns of Instruments, Vehicles, and Vessels Relative Adjectives (Nisba) Nouns of Concept (Feminine Nisba)

4. Derived Nouns and Adjectives Noun: a word that is the name of something (as in a person (Bob), animal (cat), place (field), thing (pencil), quality (goodness), idea (feminism) or action (spitting). Adjective: a word typically serving as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named (the barbarous tribes), to indicate its quantity or extent (the vast armies), or to specify a thing as distinct from something else (the Roman legion).

5. Derived Nouns and Adjectives Part I Verbal Nouns Active Participles Passive Participles Nouns of Place and Time

6. The Verbal Noun المصدر The Verbal Noun المصدر Meaning and Use Meaning and Use In English, we make nouns out of verbs by adding noun-forming suffixes, of which there are more than twenty: “-tion”: Hibernate/Hibernation; Qualify/Qualification “-tion”: Hibernate/Hibernation; Qualify/Qualification Gerund suffix “-ing”: Bake/Baking; Cook/Cooking Gerund suffix “-ing”: Bake/Baking; Cook/Cooking “-ant”: Defend/Defendant; Claim/Claimant “-ant”: Defend/Defendant; Claim/Claimant More Suffixes More Suffixes More Suffixes More Suffixes The Arabic مصدر serves the same function as the English noun-forming suffix. Arabic has a small set of predictable, fixed noun-forming patterns, with one verbal noun pattern for each measure, with the exception of measure I.

7. Verbal Nouns I-X Measure I (فَعَلَ) More than 40 forms exist. More than 40 forms exist. Most common forms: Most common forms: عَرْضٌ = فَعْلٌ وُصُولٌ = فُعُولٌ كِتَابَةٌ = فِعَاَلَةٌ Measure II ( فَعَّلَ) تَعْلِيمٌ = تَفْعِيلٌ

8. Verbal Nouns I-X Measure III (فَاعَلَ) مُحَارَبَةٌ = مُفَاَعَلَةٌ قِتَالٌ = فِعَالٌ Measure IV (أفَعَلَ) إِظْهَارٌ = إِفْعَالٌ Measure V (تَفَعَّلَ) تَعَلُّمٌ = تَفَعُّلٌ Measure VI (تَفَاعَلَ) تَعَاَمُلٌ = تَفَاَعُلٌ

9. Verbal Nouns I-X Measure VII ( اِنْفَعَلَ) إِنْسِحَابٌ = إِنْفِعَالٌ Measure VIII (اِفْتَعَلَ) إِرْتِفَاعٌ = إِفْتِعَالٌ Measure IX (اِفْعَلَّ) إِحْمِرَارٌ = إِفْعِلَالٌ Measure X (اِسْتَفْعَلَ) إِسْتِعْمَالٌ = إِسْتِفْعَالٌ

11. The Active Participle اسم الفاعل The Active Participle اسم الفاعل Meaning and Use Noun: the doer of the action of the verb Noun: the doer of the action of the verb To write = writer كاتِبّ = كَتَبَ Adjective: attributes the description of the verb’s meaning to the noun it modifies Adjective: attributes the description of the verb’s meaning to the noun it modifies To be clear (verb) = clear (adjective) واضح = وضح

12. Active Participles Measure I Sound verbs Sound verbs كاتب = كتب Hollow verbs Hollow verbs قائل = قال (قول) Assimilated verbs Assimilated verbs واضح = وضح Defective verbs Defective verbs قاضٍٍ (القاضي) = قضى Doubled verbs Doubled verbs مارّ = مرّ

13. Active Participles Active Participles for Measures II-X Formed by adding the prefix مُ and voweling the second radical of the root with the kesra Formed by adding the prefix مُ and voweling the second radical of the root with the kesra II – مُدَرِّس III – مُقاتِل IV – مُثمِر V – مُتعلِّم VI – مُتنازِع VII – مُنسحِب VIII – مُرتفِع IX - مُحْمَرّ X - مُستعمِل

14. The Passive Participle اسم المفعول Meaning and Use Something that has undergone the action of the verb Something that has undergone the action of the verbNoun To employ = employee (one who has been employed) To employ = employee (one who has been employed) مُوَظَّف = وَظّف مُوَظَّف = وَظّفAdjective To write = written (something that has been written) To write = written (something that has been written) مَكْتوب = كتب مَكْتوب = كتب

15. Passive Participles Measure I Sound verbs Sound verbs مَكْتوب = كتب Hollow verbs Hollow verbs مَزور = زار (زور) مَبيع = باع (بيع) Assimilated verbs Assimilated verbs مَوْجود = وجد Defective Verbs Defective Verbs مَقضيّ = قضي مَدْعوّ = دعا Doubled Verbs Doubled Verbs مَحْقوق = حقّ

16. Passive Participles Passive Participles for Measures II-X Formed by adding the prefix مُ and voweling the second radical of the root with a fatha Formed by adding the prefix مُ and voweling the second radical of the root with a fatha II – مُوظَّف III – مُناقَش IV – مُعلَن V – مُتَكَلَّم VI – مُتَقابُل VIII – مُقترَح X – مُستعمَل

17. The Noun of Place and Time اسم المكان و الزمان Meaning and use Show the location or time of the action of the verb Show the location or time of the action of the verb Patterns for Measure I Patterns for Measure I مَقْعَدٌ = مَفْعَلٌ مَجْلِسٌ = مَفْعِلٌ مَدْرَسَةٌ = مَفْعَلَةٌ Patterns for Measures II-X follow the pattern of the passive participle Patterns for Measures II-X follow the pattern of the passive participleمُخْتَبَرٌمُسْتَقْبَلٌ

18. Other Derived Nouns Part II Nouns of Instance Nouns of Intensity and Profession Nouns of Instruments, Vehicles, and Vessels Relative Adjectives (Nisba) Nouns of Concept (Feminine Nisba)

19. The Noun of Instance اسم المرّة Meaning and Use Nouns of Instance are used to indicate one occurrence of the meaning of the verb. Nouns of Instance are used to indicate one occurrence of the meaning of the verb. To strike = a strike or hit ضَرْبة = ضَرَبَ To punch = a hit or punch لَكْمة = لَكَمَ To sit = session جَلْسة = جَلَسَ

20. The Noun of Intensity and Profession اسم المبالغة Meaning and Use Nouns of Intensity and Profession denote intensive meaning of the active participle. Nouns of Intensity and Profession denote intensive meaning of the active participle. Verb = Active Participle = Noun of Intensity/Profession To do = Doer = Effective (Done very well) فَعَّال = فَاعِل = فَعَلَ To cook = one who is cooking = chef (professional cook) طَبَّاخ = طَابِخ = طَبَخَ To steal = thief = professional thief سَرَّاق = سَارِق = سَرَقَ To shoot = shooter = sharpshooter قَنَّاص = قانص = قَنَصَ

21. Nouns of Intensity and Profession فَعيلٌ زَعيم, خَبير زَعيم, خَبير كَبير, حَديث كَبير, حَديث Other patterns Schulz pg. 74 Other patterns Schulz pg. 74

22. The Noun of Instruments, Vehicles, and Vessels اسم الآلة و الوعاء Meaning and Use The feminine form of the Nouns of Intensity and Profession often denote Instruments and Vehicles. The feminine form of the Nouns of Intensity and Profession often denote Instruments and Vehicles. Verb = Noun of Intensity/Profession = Noun of Instrument/Vehicle فَعَّالة = فَعَّال = فَعَلَ To dive = professional diver = submarine غَوَّاصة = غَوَّاص = غاص (غوص) To wash = launderer (profession) = washing machine غَسَّالة = غَسَّال = غَسَلَ

23. Nouns of Instrument, Vehicles and Vessels Other patterns مِدْفَعٌ = مِفْعَلٌ مِفْتَاحٌ = مِفَعالٌ مِجْرَفةٌ = مِفْعَلةٌ جَرَّافةٌ = فَعَّالةٌ For more examples and patterns see Schulz pg. 77-79

24. The Relative Adjective النسبة Meaning and Use By adding the suffix يّ or يّة to nouns, the noun becomes an adjective related to the noun’s original meaning. By adding the suffix يّ or يّة to nouns, the noun becomes an adjective related to the noun’s original meaning. بغداديّة بغداديّ = بغداد امريكيّة امريكيّ = امريكا اردنيّة اردنيّ = الاردن قاهريّة قاهريّ = القاهرة وطنيّة وطنيّ = وطن جامعيّة جامعيّ = جامعة

25. The Noun of Concept النسبة المؤنّثة Meaning and Use The Feminine Nisba is formed by adding the suffix يّة to a noun, and it is often used to denote an abstract idea or concept. The Feminine Nisba is formed by adding the suffix يّة to a noun, and it is often used to denote an abstract idea or concept. Expression = Expressionism تعبيريّة = تعبير Capital = Capitalism رأسماليّة = رأسمال رأسماليّة = رأسمال Nation = Nationalism وطنيّة = وطن

26. Bibliography All the Arabic You Never Learned the First Time Around by Jim Price A Student Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic by Eckehard Schulz