1. Rome expands its borders
Chapter 7 – Section 2
Rome expands its borders

2. These fears caused The 3 punic wars between rome and carthage
- Through warfare and alliances, the Romans greatly expanded the lands under their control.
- By the middle 200s B.C., the Roman Republic controlled all of Italy south of the Rubicon river
- Rome soon came into conflict with Carthage, a powerful city on the coast of North Africa that controlled parts of Sicily
- Carthage feared Rome would try to take Sicily
- Rome feared the Carthaginian Navy would control the Mediterranean and prevent Roman expansion
Point out Sicily – not labeled on this map
Map of region before the First Punic War
Red area: Roman domain
Green area: Carthaginian domain
These fears caused The 3 punic wars between rome and carthage

3. The First punic war Began in 264 B.C.
Rome quickly built a Navy using a captured Carthaginian ship for a model
Rome equipped ships with “boarding bridges” that allowed heavily armed soldiers to board enemy ships and take the ship
In 241 B.C., Carthage asked for peace
Rome made Carthage pay for losses incurred during war and Rome took over Sicily

4. The second punic war Began in 218 B. C.
In Spain, Hannibal, one of the greatest generals of all time, assembled a huge Carthaginian army
The army crossed the Alps into Italy, lost many soldiers
Despite losses, Hannibal defeated Romans and caused them to retreat
Hannibal
Hannibal’s army crossing the Alps
Army included foot soldiers, horse soldiers and elephants

5. The second punic war
Hannibal raided farms and took livestock because he lacked the equipment to attack the cities
Rome turned the tables by invading Africa
The Roman general, Scipio, took Hannibal down
In 202 B.C., at the battle Zama, Scipio and the Romans defeated Hannibal and his army
Carthage had to pay Rome a large sum of money, give up its navy and its colonies in Spain
Carthage remained independent, but powerless
Scipio
Battle of Zama

6. The third punic war
Rome declared war on Carthage in 149 B.C. out of spite for the city
Carthage was destroyed in 146 B.C.
Rome went to war with Macedonia, an ally of Carthage in Second Punic War
Macedonia was defeated in 197 B. C.
By 133 B.C., Rome had extended its control over the entire Mediterranean region.

7. The problems of expansion
The Roman government had to change, senate gained more control and nobles became more powerful
New territories/provinces were governed loosely
People in provinces were not made citizens of Rome, they were considered to be subjects of Rome
Each new province was administered by a governor
Governors took bribes and did not address needs of people in provinces

8. The problems of expansion
Roman farmer-soldiers returning from war did not have crops, homes or livestock in tact
These farmers had to sell their land
Rome had become dependent on the Roman farmers to provide grain, its chief food
Farmers had to move to cities where they could not find jobs, had to rely on government to feed them
Trade within the vast empire created a class of business people called equites with great wealth and political influence
Gap between the rich and the poor widened