1. Shorthand operators

2. Shorthand operators Shorthand operator:
A shorthand operator is a shorter way to express something that is already available in the Java programming language
Shorthand operations do not add any feature to the Java programming language
(So it's not a big deal).

3. Shorthand operators +=, -=, *=, /= and *=
A frequent construct is the following:
Java has a shorthand operator for these kinds of assignment statements
x is a variable in the program
x = x + value ; // Add value to the variable x
x = x - value ; // Subtract value to the variable x
x = x * value ; // Increase the variable x by value times
and so on...

4. Shorthand operators +=, -=, *=, /= and *= (cont.)
Operator assignment short hands:
 Operator symbol 
 Name of the operator 
Example 
 Equivalent construct  +=
  Addition assignment
 x += 4;
 x = x + 4; -=
  Subtraction assignment
 x -= 4;
 x = x - 4; *=
  Multiplication assignment
 x *= 4;
 x = x * 4;   /=
  Division assignment
 x /= 4;
 x = x / 4; %=
  Remainder assignment
 x %= 4;
 x = x % 4;

5. Shorthand operators +=, -=, *=, /= and *= (cont.)
Exercise: what is printed by the following program
public class Shorthand1 {
public static void main(String[] args)
int x;
x = 7;
x += 4;
System.out.println(x);
x -= 4;

6. Shorthand operators +=, -=, *=, /= and *= (cont.)
x = 7;
x *= 4;
System.out.println(x);
x /= 4;
x %= 4; }

7. Shorthand operators +=, -=, *=, /= and *= (cont.)
Example Program: (Demo above code)
Prog file:
How to run the program:            
Right click on link and save in a scratch directory
To compile:   javac Shorthand1.java
To run:          java Shorthand1 (You will see the answers on the terminal)

8. Increment and decrement shorthand operators
Two very commonly used assignment statements are:
Java has shorthand operators to increment and decrement a variable by 1 (one).
1. x = x + 1;
and
2. x = x - 1;
x is a variable in the program

9. Increment and decrement shorthand operators (cont.)
Increment and decrement operators:
 Operator symbol  
 Name of the operator 
Example 
 Equivalent construct  ++
Increment
 x++;
x = x + 1; --
Decrement
x--;
x = x - 1;

10. Increment and decrement shorthand operators (cont.)
Exercise: what is printed by the following program
public class Shorthand2 {
public static void main(String[] args)
int x;
x = 7;
x++;
System.out.println(x);
x--; }

11. Increment and decrement shorthand operators (cont.)
Example Program: (Demo above code)
Prog file:
How to run the program:            
Right click on link and save in a scratch directory
To compile:   javac Shorthand2.java
To run:          java Shorthand2 (You will see the answers on the terminal)