1. Classification of Plants
Unit 7: Chapters 21-23
Classification of Plants

2. Plants belong to the kingdom ___________
Plants are divided into ___________ (instead of Phylums)
Characteristics of Plants:
1. ______________ - composed of many cells
2. __________ - have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
3. _________ - extra cell structure for support
4. __________ - waxy water proof coating
______________ - convert sunlight into chemical energy,
_________, through the process of ________________
Plantae
Divisions
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Cell Wall
Cuticle
Photosynthetic
glucose
photosynthesis

3. Main Structures of Plants:
_______- anchors the plant to soil; absorb water and
minerals from the soil; transports those nutrients to the stem.
Types of Roots:
a. _________ -single thick structures with smaller branching
roots; accumulate and store food.
Ex: _______ and ______
b. ___________ - have many small branching roots that
grow from a central point.
c. _________ - originate above ground and help support
a plant. Ex. __________.
d. __________ - cling to objects such as walls and provide
support for climbing stems.
Roots
Tap Roots
carrots
beets
Fibrous Roots
Prop Roots
Corn plants
Aerial Roots

4. 3. _______ - responsible for photosynthesis Types of leaves:
_______ - provide support for leaves and the reproductive structures of plants; plant stems with vascular tissue contain tissues for transport of nutrients and water.
3. _______ - responsible for photosynthesis
Types of leaves:
a. _______ leaves –consist of one blade that is not divided
and its petiole.
b. _________ leaves – consists of several leaflets with a
single petiole
Stems
Leaves
Simple
Compounds

5. Characteristics of leaves: Leaf ________ a. _______ - veins run
from the petiole more
or less parallel out to
the tip of the leaf.
b. _______ - one main vein
with smaller veins branching
off it and running parallel to
each other.
c. ________ - several main veins
radiate out from the petiole and
have many smaller
branches.
VENATION
Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate

6. a. ________ -the arrangement of two leaves on the stem are located on
2. Leaf ___________
a. ________ -the arrangement of two
leaves on the stem are located on
opposite sides of the stem.
b. _________ - the arrangement of
the leaves appear so than one leaf
is higher on the stem than the
other leaf.
c. ________ - the arrangement of the
leaves are clustered together in
groups of three or more leaves.
Arrangement
Opposite
Alternate
Alternate
Whorled
Whorled

7. Types of Plant Cells:
_______________ - most abundant cells found throughout plant living tissue; its spherical shaped with large central vacuole, and functions in photosynthesis, food storage, and
wound healing.
2. _____________ - long cells with unevenly thickened cell walls that provides support the growing regions of a plant
3. ____________ - cells with thick and rigid cell walls; die at maturity forms a region of dead cells that have ceased growing, and provides supports and strength for plants.
Parenchyma Cells
Collenchyma Cells
Sclerenchyma

8. ________ tissue – composed mostly of
Plant Tissues:
________ tissue – composed mostly of
parenchyma cells; found throughout a plant;
found associated with other tissues; supports
vascular bundles;
functions: __________,
______, ______
2. _______ tissue – responsible for
transporting materials through plants
Consists of:
______ - vascular tissue that conducts water
and dissolved minerals
______ - vascular tissue that conducts food
Ground
photosynthesis
Ground tissue
storage
support
Vascular
Xylem
Vascular tissue
Phloem

9. ______ tissue – provides outer protection for the whole plant.
Consists of:
________ - outer layer of cells with a waxy cuticle.
Functions:
1. ____________
2. _____________
3. ______________
_______ - opening in the epidermis of leaves that regulate the passage of gases in and out of the plant, surrounded by ____ ____ which control the opening and closing of stomata.
Dermal
Epidermis
Plant protection
Epidermis
Prevents water loss
Aids in gas exchange
Stomata
Guard cells

10. Internal Structure of a leaf
A. Ground tissue
B. Vascular Tissue
Spongy mesophyll
Vascular bundle
C. Dermal Tissue
Palisade mesophyll
Cuticle
Upper epidermis
Mesophyll
Guard cells
phloem
Stomata
Lower epidermis
xylem

11. Classification of Plants
Non-seeded Non-vascular Plants:
(also known as _____ plants)
1. Division: __________
include ________
2. Division: ___________
3. Division: _______
include ______
spore
Hepaticophyta
Liver worts
Anthocerophyta
Horn worts
Bryophyta
mosses

12. Non-seeded Vascular Plants: 1. Division: __________ include _________
Psilophyta
Whisk ferns
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Arthophyta
horsetails
Pterophyta
ferns

13. Seeded Vascular Plants
1. Division: _________
include _____
2. Division: ________
include ______, ______, ________
3. Division: _________
include __________
Cycadophyta
cycads
Gnetophyta
Gnetoum
Ephedra
Welwitchia
Ginkophyta
Ginkgo biloba

14. include _____ _________ __________ 5. Division: _________
Coniferophyta
Pines, cone bearing evergreens
Anthophyta
Flowering plants

15. Seeded Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms A. B.
Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Angiosperms A. B.
Examples: 1. 2. 3.
Seeds are enclosed in an ovary
“Naked” seed plants
Flowering plants - Anthophytes
Seeds are not enclosed in an ovary or fruit
Annuals – grow for 1 yr. or less
Cycads
Ex. Corn, wheat, peas, beans
Gentophytes
Biennials – grow for 2 yrs. & die
Ex. Carrots, beets, turnips
Ginkos
Perennials – grow for many years
Conifers

16. Angiosperms Monocots Dicots Examples: Examples:
_____________________ _______________________
Characteristics: Characteristics:
Grass, orchids, lilies, palms
Shrubs, trees, cacti, vegetables
1 cotyledon – 1 seed leaf/ food source
2 cotyledons – 2 seed leafs/ food sources
Parallel veins
Branched netted veins
Petals in groups of threes
Petals in groups of 4 or 5
Stems - Scattered vascular bundles
Stems - Vacular bundles in
periphery
Roots – xylem forms central star-shaped mass w/ phloem cells between rays
Roots – strands of xylems that alternate w/strands of phloem

17. 2 cotyledons
Petals in groups of 4 or 5
Branch netted veins
Peripheral vascular bundles in stems
1 cotyledon
Parallel veins
Scattered vascular bundles in stems
Petals in groups of 3

18. Structure of a Flower Anther Stigma Stamen Filament Pistil Ovary
Pollen grains
Anther
Stigma
Stamen
Filament
Style
Pistil
Ovule
Petal
Sepal
Ovary
Receptacle
Pedicel

19. The End.