1. May 17, 2009 MeeNet, Thailand Solar, wind: technology, cost, potential, applications Palang Thai

2. Solar PV  Costs:  Grid-connected:  $3,000 to $6,000 per kW for grid-connected projects,  (LCLT Common Ground is coming in at $6 for 36 kW)  $0.15/kWh to $0.22/kWh (98% fixed cost) for grid-connected  Off-grid  Typically $8,000 to $10,000 per kW  $0.25 to $0.45 per kWh (competitive with diesel)  Industry trend: 70% growth in 2008. Over 40% average over past decade  Potential: 14 km x 14 km enough to meet Thai peak load  Capacity factor: 0.15  Issues: expensive, intermittent

3. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) -- costs  $3,000/kW to $6,000/kW (depending on system size)  $0.15/kW to $0.22/kWh in 2005 for 10 MW plant in Phoenix, Arizona, USA in 2005.

4. 13.7 km Solar 0.037% of Thailand area  100% peak load (22,586 MW) TESCO Lotus, Rama I, 460 kWp, Cost: 75,165,000 baht 13.7 km 3 kW: 660,000 baht

5. How solar photovoltaics (PV) works

6. Solar photovoltaics  fastest growing power generation technology, with a 70 percent increase in existing capacity worldwide to reach 13 GW in 2008. www.REN21.net www.REN21.net

7. Solar Photovoltaic (PV)  Capacity factor: 0.15  Power production coincident with peak (air-conditioning) load

8. Thai government solar home program 203,000 solar home systems >20% failure rate within first year in Tak

9. Wind Costs: –Grid-connected: EURO 1300 per kW for grid-connected projects, $0.09/kWh for large (80 to 200 MW installation) –Off-grid Comparable with solar PV Industry trend: 29% growth in 2008. Potential: not great in SE Asia (but OK in Vietnam). China excellent, especially north Capacity factor: 0.15 Issues: expensive, intermittent. Some concerned about bird kills, but is tiny fraction of kill from power lines, other power plants

10. Wind -- Costs  $0.09/kWh for 80 to 200 MW wind power plant in Washington State, USA. (Source: Energy Northwest)  installed cost averaged €1,300 per kilowatt in 2007 (source: www.gwec.net)

11. Wind energy potential world-wide SE Asia low compared to much of the world

12. Wind -- resource Thai wind potential: 1600 MW (?)

13. Wind - capacity factor installed capacitymean power capacity factor MW e Morocco Amogdoul wind farm [2] 602338.1% U.S. (total) [3] (a) 6740194128.8% U.K. (off-shore) [4] (b) 3047428.7% U.K. (on-shore) [4] 165140827.2% Denmark (total) [2] [6] (c) 312875524.1% Spain (total) [2] 11615253421.8% Portugal (total) [2] [7] (d) 102220219.8% Netherlands (total) [2] [8] (e) 121923619.3% Germany (total) [5] 20622348216.9% India (total) [2] [9] (f) 443070415.9% Italy (total) [2] [10] (g) 171826815.6% Poland (total) [2] 1532214.6% France (total) [2] [11] (h) 75710914.5% World (total) [2] [12] (i) 590511155919.6% Source: http://lightbucket.wordpress.com/2008/03/13/the-capacity-factor-of-wind-power/

14. 28.5 GW = Thailand’s peak load in 2007 Installed in Thailand: 1 MW Source: www.ren21.netwww.ren21.net

15. Source: www.ren21.netwww.ren21.net Windpower – top 10 countries 2008

16. Wind energy – human scale 17.7 baht/kWh 8,200 baht http://natee2007.thaiza.com Thai wind pioneers build wind power themselves.