2. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY COMENIUS PROJECT 2012-2014: “Free to move – Transports as a motor for youngsters’ mobility” German Partner: TECK- REALSCHULE, Kirchheim/Teck „History of the automobile“

3. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY Our topics are 2. 19th century 3. 20th century 5. Future 1. Introduction 4. Present

4. Once upon a time … Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY

5. … a German engineer named Karl Benz invented a horseless carriage. The Benz-Patent Motorwagen was patented in 1886. It was the first automobile with a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine.

6. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY 19th century In 1888 Karl Benz‘ wife, Bertha, wanted to show to the general public that the automobile was very useful. Together with her two sons (14 and 15) she drove the first long distance trip ever – 104 km. A pharmacy was the world‘s first filling station. She solved technical problems by using her hatpin and her garter. The first car trip

7. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY 19th century Within a few years many technologies were being produced by different producers all over the western world. Some are: Rudolf Diesel 1893 John Boyd Dunlop 1888 Louis Renault 1903 Robert Bosch 1901 Diesel engine drum brake pneumatic tyre sparking plug New technologies

8. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY 19th century Foundation of worldwide famous companies - 1896 Peugeot (Audincourt, Lille) - 1898 Renault (Boulogne-Billancourt) - 1899 Opel (Rüsselsheim) - 1899 Fiat (Turin) Fiat 3 ½ HP (1899) Voiturette of Renault (1898) - 1890 Daimler (Stuttgart)

9. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY 20th century This changed when Henry Ford devoloped the assembly line in 1908. The automobile became available for the middle class. Assembling limousines at individual stations was not very efficient so the cars were very expensive and affordable only for rich people. The first mass produced car: Ford Model T „Tin Lizzy“ - 850 $ - 20 hp, 4 V - v max 64-72 km/h - till 1972 the most sold car in the world, > 15 mio Mass production

10. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY

11. 20th century Oldies but Goldies Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, 1920 Maserati 8C-3000, 1933 Cadillac Type 34-A Town Sedan, 1928

12. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY 20th century Toyota Corolla Volkswagen Käfer Citroën 2CV Likable „baby“ Most sold car ever Darling of a nation Car of the 20th century Fiat 500 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Most expensive and fastest car ever Records all over the world Porsche 911 Dream of any sportive driver

13. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY 20th century Epicentre of emotions… MINI -AII4-14 at Dakar rally, 181 hp, V4 in 2013 Mercedes „Silberpfeil“ W25, 280 hp, V8 in 1934 Ferrari GG 50, 540 hp, V12 in 2005

14. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY

15. Present Cars and energy During the last decades cars used less fuel - although their weight increased. This is a consequence of a permanent improvement of technology: - Leightweight materials (duraluminium and carbon fiber instead of steel) - Fuel saving tyres - Fuel-injection system - Aerodynamic design

16. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY Present Cars and safety Fatal accidents decreased to a high grade during the past decades. - Airbags - Automatic Braking Systems (ABS) - Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Micro-Electro- Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Highly resistant materials One reason is the improved technology in cars:

17. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY Future Three Wheel Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Requirements for sustainability in the future - Energy efficient and CO 2 neutral - Low emission - Quiet 1. Concerning new engine types Zero emission F-Cell Hydrogen Electric car: In the fuel cell, hydrogen is directly transformed into electrical energy.

18. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY Future - Consumer-friendly and comfortable ( e.g. self-driving, self-parking ) - High safety standard 2. Concerning safety Requirements for sustainability in the future Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication V2V Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication V2I Alternative driving concepts:

19. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY Just some of so many who participated in this story

20. Teck-Realschule, Kirchheim, GERMANY Thank you very much for going with us along our journey through time. We hope you have enjoyed yourselves. Bye, bye… Alina Elfriede Johannes Katja Lilith Sebastian Stefan