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Published byCameron Jackson Modified over 9 years ago
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Properties of Matter and Substances Matter – Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Mass – amount of matter an object contains – Volume – amount of space an object takes up
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Describing Matter Properties describe matter. Extensive Properties: – Depends on the amount of matter. Examples: Intensive Properties: – Do not depend on the amount of matter. Examples:
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Physical Property Quality of substance observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance Examples:
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Chemical Property Quality of substance observed when changing the composition of the substance Ability of substance to undergo chemical reaction Examples:
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Physical Changes Does not change composition Still the same “stuff” Examples:
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Chemical Changes – Change in chemical composition of substances involved – Changes into something new – Examples:
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3 States of Matter Solids – definite shape and volume Liquids – definite volume, shape of container Gases – takes both shape and volume of container
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Substances &Mixtures/Solutions Substance: constant and definite composition. The composition is always the same. – Example: H 2 O Mixture: 2 or more substances. The composition can be different. Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous – Example: Chicken Noodle Soup Solution: Homogeneous mixture
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Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous: not uniform in composition – 2 phases Homogeneous: completely uniform mixture = solutions – 1 phase – uniform composition and properties – Types of solutions: gases, liquids, or solid solutions
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Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Elements: simplest forms of matter. Made of only one type of atom – Cannot be separated by chemical means Compounds: 2 or more elements chemically combined – Can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means Mixtures: 2 or more substances combined, but not chemically combined. The composition can be different. Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous
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Symbols and Formulas Chemical Symbol – 1 or 2 letters – Some derived from Latin or Greek – Method of shorthand Formulas: 2 or more symbols – Examples: NaCl, H 2 O, CaCO 3, H 2 SO 4
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Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? NoYes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture MIXTURE Is the composition uniform? noyes PURE SUBSTANCE ElementCompound Can it be chemically broken down? yesno
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Differentiate between Chemical and Physical Changes Chemical Changes – Energy absorbed or given off Mg + HCl got hot – Change in color or odor Burning candle smells – Gas formation Baking soda + vinegar – Irreversibility Once you burn something, you can’t “unburn” it
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Conservation of Mass Quantity of matter unchanged – Mass neither created or destroyed in any physical or chemical reaction – Mass of reactants = Mass of products Example: combustion/burning
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